儿童和青少年结核病在 COVID-19 大流行期间的临床形式和诊断。

Clinical forms and diagnosis of tuberculosis in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

机构信息

. Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.

. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.

出版信息

J Bras Pneumol. 2022 Nov 28;48(6):e20220240. doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20220240.

DOI:10.36416/1806-3756/e20220240

PMID:36449819

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9747159/

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to describe the clinical forms and the time taken to diagnose new tuberculosis cases and to statistically analyze the isolated and combined forms of the disease in children and adolescents treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study that used retrospective data on children (0-9 years old) and adolescents (10-18 years old) with pulmonary (PTB), extrapulmonary (EPTB), and combined tuberculosis (PTB + EPTB) followed up at the outpatient clinic from January 2019 to March 2021. Categorical data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and expressed as frequency and proportions. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, and numerical variables using Student's T-test.

RESULTS

A total of 51 cases were included, 63% (32/51) of which comprised patients in the year of the pandemic (group A), while 37% (19/51) were patients attended in previous years (group B). In group A, 19% (6/32) of the patients presented PTB, 59% (16/32) had EPTB, and 31% (10/32) had PTB+EPTB. In group B, 42% (8/19) of the patients presented PTB, 42% (8/19) had EPTB, and 16% (3/19) had PTB+EPTB.

CONCLUSION

Our study revealed more tuberculosis cases in the first year of the pandemic than in the same period of the previous year, with greater variation of sites affected by the disease, including rarer and more severe forms.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在描述新结核病病例的临床形式和诊断时间，并对巴西 COVID-19 大流行第一年在里约热内卢一家大学医院接受治疗的儿童和青少年中孤立和合并结核病的形式进行统计分析。

方法

这是一项回顾性的横断面研究，使用了 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 3 月在门诊接受随访的 0-9 岁儿童（PTB）、10-18 岁青少年（EPTB）和肺结核（PTB+EPTB）的儿童和青少年的回顾性数据。采用描述性统计分析分类数据，并表示为频率和比例。采用卡方检验比较分类变量，采用学生 t 检验比较数值变量。

结果

共纳入 51 例，其中 63%（32/51）为大流行年份（A 组）患者，37%（19/51）为前几年就诊患者（B 组）。A 组中，19%（6/32）的患者出现肺结核，59%（16/32）的患者出现肺结核，31%（10/32）的患者出现肺结核+肺结核。B 组中，42%（8/19）的患者出现肺结核，42%（8/19）的患者出现肺结核，16%（3/19）的患者出现肺结核+肺结核。