Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(4):9164-9183. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-24032-2. Epub 2022 Dec 1.
COVID-19 disease has been identified to cause remarkable increase of mucormycosis infection cases in India, with the majority of cases being observed in individuals recovering from COVID-19. Mucormycosis has emanated as an outcome of the recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak as rapidly developing fatal illness which was acquired by Mucorales fungus which is a subcategory of molds known as mucormycetes. Mucormycosis is one of the serious, sporadic mycotic illnesses which is a great threat to immunocompromised COVID-19 patients and affects people of all ages, including children with COVID-19 infections. This is associated with tissue damaging property and, therefore, causes serious clinical complications and elevated death rate. The COVID-19-associated mucormycosis or "black fungus" are the terms used interchangeably. The rapid growth of tissue necrosis presenting as "rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and disseminated disease" are various clinical forms of mucormycosis. The patient's prognosis and survival can be improved with proper surgeries using an endoscopic approach for local tissue protection in conjunction with course of appropriate conventional antifungal drug like Amphotericin-B and novel drugs like Rezafungin, encochleated Amphotericin B, Orolofim, and SCY-078 which have been explored in last few years. This review provides an overview of mucormycosis including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, its clinical forms, and therapeutic approaches for disease management like antifungal therapy, surgical debridement, and iron chelators. The published patents and ongoing clinical trials related to mucormycosis have also been mentioned in this review.
COVID-19 疾病已被确定会导致印度毛霉菌感染病例显著增加，大多数病例发生在 COVID-19 康复的人群中。毛霉菌病是 COVID-19 大流行爆发后迅速发展为致命疾病的结果，由毛霉目真菌引起，毛霉目真菌是一种被称为毛霉菌的霉菌的子类。毛霉菌病是一种严重的、散发性真菌病，对免疫功能低下的 COVID-19 患者构成严重威胁，并影响所有年龄段的人，包括感染 COVID-19 的儿童。它具有破坏组织的特性，因此会导致严重的临床并发症和高死亡率。COVID-19 相关毛霉菌病或“黑真菌”是可互换使用的术语。组织快速坏死生长表现为“鼻-眶-脑、肺、皮肤、胃肠道和播散性疾病”，是毛霉菌病的各种临床形式。通过适当的手术，使用内镜方法进行局部组织保护，并结合适当的常规抗真菌药物（如两性霉素 B）和新型药物（如 Rezafungin、包封两性霉素 B、Orolofim 和 SCY-078）进行治疗，可以改善患者的预后和生存率，这些药物在过去几年中得到了探索。本文综述了毛霉菌病，包括其流行病学、病理生理学、危险因素、临床形式以及疾病管理的治疗方法，如抗真菌治疗、手术清创和铁螯合剂。本文还提到了与毛霉菌病相关的已发表专利和正在进行的临床试验。
