Sapienza University of Rome - Dep. Molecular Medicine.
Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome.
Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2022 May 31;20(1):27-50. doi: 10.31952/amha.20.1.2.
This paper deals with the literary debate on the first experiments regarding blood transfusion on human beings between 1667 and 1668 in Europe, with particular attention to the less-known experimental research, carried out in Italy. The authors examine the details of the experimental developments, focusing on the techniques and instruments used by physicians involved in this new surgical approach, with special attention to the Italian debate and experimentations. The article suggests that transfusion was considered a part of what we could call "emergency surgery". In this framework, Italian transfusional pioneers played a central role in the improvement and transmission of a discipline that was still in its dawning throughout Europe. Moreover, the manuscript highlights the contribution of the "chirurgia infusoria" as an innovative therapeutic system for an immediate and rapid recovery. From this perspective, blood transfusion represents a surgical practice for reanimation and resuscitation. The objective of this work was to analyze the importance of foreign literature and the English and French disputes presented by Davia in Italy, which made them known. Despite foreign prohibition in Italy, experiments with animal-to-human transfusions continued after 1648. A papal bull excommunicating scientists for conducting such research has never been found.
本文探讨了 1667 年至 1668 年间欧洲首次进行人体输血实验的文学争议，特别关注鲜为人知的意大利实验研究。作者研究了实验进展的细节，重点关注参与这一新手术方法的医生所使用的技术和仪器，特别关注意大利的争论和实验。文章认为，输血被认为是我们所谓的“急救手术”的一部分。在这一框架下，意大利输血先驱在改进和传播这项在整个欧洲仍处于起步阶段的学科方面发挥了核心作用。此外，这份手稿强调了“infusoria 外科学”作为一种创新治疗系统的贡献，可实现即时和快速的恢复。从这个角度来看，输血代表了一种用于复苏和复元的外科实践。这项工作的目的是分析外国文献的重要性，以及达维亚在意大利提出的英文和法文争议，这些争议使这些文献广为人知。尽管意大利有外国的禁令，但 1648 年后仍继续进行动物到人类的输血实验。从未发现教皇曾发布过禁止科学家进行此类研究的诏书。
