Salopek Bogavčić Iva
Freelance
Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2022 May 31;20(1):51-82. doi: 10.31952/amha.20.1.3.
The paper examines the forerunner of the development of public health medicine since 1912, as well as the actions of Andrija Štampar as a municipal physician in the Nova Gradiška Posavina region from 1913 to 1918. The predecessors of public health medicine are considered in the context of the emergence of societies for the protection of public health in Belgrade and Zagreb, as well as the connection between Andrija Štampar and these societies. Analysing the archival material of the Croatian State Archive, laws, journals, and newspapers, the paper attempts to link the theoretical phase of Andrija Štampar’s work with the practical phase, beginning in 1912 with his work in Karlovac and his relocation to Nova Gradiška in 1913. The paper notes that Štampar had already laid the foundation for many of his future ideas at this stage, as can be observed in the example of his reflections on eugenics, which he has defended since 1912. His experiences of rehabilitation efforts after the epidemics of cholera and smallpox in the Nova Gradiška Posavina region and his work at the Red Cross military hospital in Nova Gradiška influenced the formation of the basic principles of social medicine and public health. Special attention was paid to the set of preventive and epidemiological measures that Štampar implemented during the 1913 - 1916 epidemics. He regarded them as “perfect”, and, ten years later, introduced them into the postulates of public health medicine. Andrija Štampar conceived the main part of his ideas under the influence of theoretical knowledge and practice until 1918, and thanks to his ability to perceive circumstances and opportunities within the newly created legal framework and with the support of Rockefeller donations, he turned them into a functional health policy, which has been implemented at the School of Public Health and the Institute of Hygiene since 1926.
本文考察了自1912年以来公共卫生医学发展的先驱，以及1913年至1918年期间安德里亚·什塔尔帕尔（Andrija Štampar）作为新格拉迪什卡波萨维纳地区市立医生的行动。公共卫生医学的先驱是在贝尔格莱德和萨格勒布保护公共卫生协会出现的背景下进行考量的，同时也涉及安德里亚·什塔尔帕尔与这些协会的联系。通过分析克罗地亚国家档案馆的档案材料、法律、期刊和报纸，本文试图将安德里亚·什塔尔帕尔从1912年在卡尔洛瓦茨的工作以及1913年迁至新格拉迪什卡开始的理论阶段工作与实践阶段联系起来。本文指出，什塔尔帕尔在这一阶段已经为他未来的许多想法奠定了基础，从他自1912年以来对优生学的思考例子中可以看出。他在新格拉迪什卡波萨维纳地区霍乱和天花疫情后的康复工作经历以及他在新格拉迪什卡红十字军事医院的工作影响了社会医学和公共卫生基本原则的形成。特别关注了什塔尔帕尔在1913 - 1916年疫情期间实施的一系列预防和流行病学措施。他认为这些措施是“完美的”，并在十年后将其引入公共卫生医学的假设中。安德里亚·什塔尔帕尔在1918年之前在理论知识和实践的影响下构思了他的主要思想，并且由于他能够在新创建的法律框架内感知情况和机会，并在洛克菲勒捐赠的支持下，他将这些思想转化为一项功能性的卫生政策，自1926年以来一直在公共卫生学院和卫生研究所实施。
