Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Nov;26(22):8620-8630. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30399.
In May 2022, cases of monkeypox were reported in non-monkeypox endemic countries such as Europe and the United States. As of 26 May, a cumulative total of 257 laboratory-confirmed cases and approximately 120 suspected cases had been reported to WHO from non-monkeypox endemic countries. This event immediately caused great concern and alarm to the WHO and national virologists. This paper aims to summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of previous monkeypox virus infections and the current local outbreaks in non-monkeypox endemic countries and propose countermeasures to control the current localized infections in non-monkeypox endemic areas as soon as possible. We reviewed the literature and websites related to monkeypox. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and African Journals Online using the medical subject terms "monkeypox", "monkeypox virus", "monkeypox outbreak", "non-monkeypox endemic areas", "clinical features", "epidemiology", "transmission", and "infection". We found that monkeypox is a zoonotic disease of forest animals that has occurred mainly in West and Central Africa since the first case was reported in the Congo in 1970, with occasional cases spreading to countries such as the United States and Europe. It is common among students, housekeepers, hunters, farmers and housewives. It is more common in males than females, occurs below middle age, and is more common in children under 10. The incubation period is 5 to 21 days, and the rash usually appears within 1 to 3 days after the onset of fever. Clinical manifestations include fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, headache, muscle pain and unusual weakness. Most patients have mild symptoms that last from 2 to 4 weeks. The source of the sudden outbreak in Europe and the United States is currently unknown and occurs mostly in homosexuals who have sex with men (MSM). Outbreaks of monkeypox virus infection in non-monkeypox endemic areas have received widespread attention and focus. We believe that a scientific response to the transmission route of monkeypox virus and, where necessary, vaccination of high-risk groups against the monkeypox smallpox will control infection in non-monkeypox endemic areas.
2022 年 5 月，在欧洲和美国等非猴痘流行国家报告了猴痘病例。截至 5 月 26 日，世界卫生组织已收到来自非猴痘流行国家的实验室确诊病例累计 257 例，疑似病例约 120 例。这一事件立即引起了世卫组织和各国病毒学家的高度关注和警惕。本文旨在总结以往猴痘病毒感染和当前非猴痘流行国家局部暴发的流行病学和临床特征，并提出尽快控制当前非猴痘流行地区局部感染的对策。我们查阅了与猴痘相关的文献和网站。我们使用医学主题词“猴痘”、“猴痘病毒”、“猴痘暴发”、“非猴痘流行地区”、“临床特征”、“流行病学”、“传播”和“感染”，在 Google Scholar、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase 和 African Journals Online 上搜索了与猴痘相关的文献和网站。我们发现，猴痘是一种森林动物的人畜共患病，自 1970 年刚果首次报告病例以来，主要在西非和中非发生，偶尔有病例传播到美国和欧洲等国家。它常见于学生、家庭佣工、猎人、农民和家庭主妇。男性比女性更常见，发病年龄低于中年，10 岁以下儿童更常见。潜伏期为 5 至 21 天，发热后 1 至 3 天通常出现皮疹。临床表现包括发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大、头痛、肌肉疼痛和异常乏力。大多数患者症状较轻，持续 2 至 4 周。目前，欧洲和美国猴痘疫情的源头尚不清楚，主要发生在男男性行为者（MSM）中。非猴痘流行地区猴痘病毒感染暴发引起了广泛关注和重视。我们认为，对猴痘病毒传播途径的科学应对，以及在必要时对高风险人群进行猴痘疫苗接种，将控制非猴痘流行地区的感染。
