中国长寿区与非长寿区水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中微量元素含量的差异及其与寿命指标的关系。

Differences in multielement concentrations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) between longevity and non-longevity areas in China and their relations with lifespan indicators.

机构信息

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

出版信息

Food Res Int. 2022 Dec;162(Pt B):112056. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112056. Epub 2022 Nov 11.

DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112056

PMID:36461316

Abstract

Geographical distribution pattern of centenarians in China runs counter to the global trend, and centenarians are mainly distributed in low-latitude South China but rarely in high-latitude North China. To investigate the effect of the elemental content of rice on the differences between the longevity areas and the non-longevity areas in China, the multielement concentrations in 84 rice samples collected from 28 counties/cities were measured, of which 37 belonged to the longevity areas in South China (SLs), 36 belonged to non-longevity areas in South China (SNLs), and 11 belonged to non-longevity areas in North China (NNLs). The concentrations of 29 different elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Se, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, Ti, Zn Cd, Co, Li, Pb, Tl, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, U and Bi) in rice samples were determined by ICP-OES, ICP-MS and HG-AFS. Notably, the concentrations of macroelements in SLs rice samples (3682.92 mg/kg) were significantly higher than those of SNLs (3046.62 mg/kg) and NNLs (2590.38 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). The concentrations of essential microelements in rice samples of SLs (38.87 mg/kg) and NNLs (41.79 mg/kg) were not significantly different, but both significantly higher than those of SNLs (31.91 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in the concentrations of K, Mg, Na, P, S, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl, In and Cs in rice among SLs, SNLs and NNLs (p < 0.05). The rice samples of SLs had the characteristic of higher concentrations of K, Mg, P, Mn and Ni. Thus, rice intake in SLs provided greater proportions of the dietary mineral requirements than those in SNLs and NNLs. Besides, the concentrations of K, Mg, P, Ni and Ti in rice, especially K, were demonstrated to be significantly positively correlated with lifespan indicators (p < 0.05), while the concentrations of Ga, Cd, In and U in rice were negatively correlated with lifespan indicators. Our findings are expected to provide a basis for reasonable dietary mineral element intakes and promote understanding of the relationships between natural environment and regional longevity in China.

摘要

中国百岁老人的地理分布模式与全球趋势背道而驰，百岁老人主要分布在低纬度的华南地区，而很少分布在高纬度的华北地区。为了研究大米元素含量对中国长寿地区和非长寿地区差异的影响，我们测量了 84 个来自 28 个县/市的大米样本中的多种元素浓度，其中 37 个样本来自华南的长寿地区（SLs），36 个样本来自华南的非长寿地区（SNLs），11 个样本来自华北的非长寿地区（NNLs）。采用 ICP-OES、ICP-MS 和 HG-AFS 法测定了 84 个大米样本中 29 种不同元素（Ca、K、Mg、Na、P、S、Se、As、Ba、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni、Sr、Ti、Zn、Cd、Co、Li、Pb、Tl、Cs、Ga、In、Rb、U 和 Bi）的浓度。值得注意的是，SLs 大米样本中的常量元素浓度（3682.92mg/kg）明显高于 SNLs（3046.62mg/kg）和 NNLs（2590.38mg/kg）（p<0.05）。SLs 和 NNLs 大米样本中的必需微量元素浓度（38.87mg/kg 和 41.79mg/kg）无显著差异，但均明显高于 SNLs（31.91mg/kg）（p<0.05）。SLs、SNLs 和 NNLs 大米样本中 K、Mg、Na、P、S、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Tl、In 和 Cs 的浓度也存在显著差异（p<0.05）。SLs 大米样本的特点是 K、Mg、P、Mn 和 Ni 浓度较高。因此，SLs 人群的饮食中矿物质的摄入量比 SNLs 和 NNLs 人群更高，能更好地满足膳食矿物质的需求。此外，大米中 K、Mg、P、Ni 和 Ti 的浓度，尤其是 K 的浓度，与寿命指标呈显著正相关（p<0.05），而 Ga、Cd、In 和 U 的浓度与寿命指标呈负相关。我们的研究结果有望为合理摄入膳食矿物质元素提供依据，并促进对中国自然环境与区域长寿关系的理解。