[病理学家工作场所的人体工程学参数作为预防职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的重要因素]

Malkov P G, Mikhailov I A

Lomonosov Moscow State University - Medical Research and Educational Center, Moscow, Russia.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.

Arkh Patol. 2022;84(6):32-39. doi: 10.17116/patol20228406132.

BACKGROUND

More than 80% of pathologists suffer from various manifestations of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The daily duties of pathologists include several hours of work at a microscope and a computer. Microscopes are often not optimized for ergonomics and do not allow the doctor to take the correct sitting position, most often working with a microscope requires leaning forward.

OBJECTIVE

To study the ergonomic properties of the workplace of a pathologist and develop specific practical recommendations for long-term work at a microscope.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included microscopes with an adjustable and non-adjustable angle of inclination of the tube and height-adjustable chairs. We identify following ergonomic parameters: pathologist height; angle of inclination of the back of the chair; angle of inclination of the microscope tube; angle of inclination of the neck; chair height. The study included 21 participants. Statistical processing and analysis were made using single-factor and multifactorial correlation analysis.

RESULTS

A strong positive linear correlation was identified (=0.80; <0.05) between the height of test person and angle of inclination of the microscope tube. A strong positive linear correlation was established (=0.91; <0.05) between the test person height and the angle of inclination of the neck for microscopes with non-adjustable 31°-angle of inclination of the tube. For microscopes with non-adjustable 45°-angle of inclination of the tube a strong polynomial correlation of the second degree (=0.85; <0.05) was found. A moderate negative linear correlation was found between the height of the pathologist and his tilt angle neck with both adjustable and non-adjustable tube angle of the microscope.

CONCLUSION

In this study for the first-time exact correlation dependencies between key ergonomic parameters of pathologist's workplace were evaluated. This study showed that only microscopes with an adjustable angle of inclination of the tube allow to achieve an optimal body position.

背景

超过80%的病理学家患有肌肉骨骼系统疾病的各种表现。病理学家的日常工作包括在显微镜和电脑前工作数小时。显微镜通常在人体工程学方面未得到优化，无法让医生保持正确的坐姿，使用显微镜时大多需要向前倾。

目的

研究病理学家工作场所的人体工程学特性，并为在显微镜前的长期工作制定具体实用的建议。

材料与方法

该研究包括镜筒倾斜角度可调和不可调的显微镜以及高度可调的椅子。我们确定了以下人体工程学参数：病理学家身高；椅子靠背倾斜角度；显微镜镜筒倾斜角度；颈部倾斜角度；椅子高度。该研究纳入了21名参与者。使用单因素和多因素相关分析进行统计处理和分析。

结果

在测试人员身高与显微镜镜筒倾斜角度之间发现了强正线性相关性（=0.80；<0.05）。对于镜筒倾斜角度不可调为31°的显微镜，在测试人员身高与颈部倾斜角度之间建立了强正线性相关性（=0.91；<0.05）。对于镜筒倾斜角度不可调为45°的显微镜，发现了二次强多项式相关性（=0.85；<0.05）。在病理学家身高与其颈部倾斜角度之间，无论显微镜镜筒角度可调与否，均发现了中度负线性相关性。