A Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
Poult Sci. 2023 Feb;102(2):102341. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102341. Epub 2022 Nov 14.
Egg weight is an important indicator of egg phenotypic traits, which directly affects the economic benefits of the poultry industry. In the present research, laying ducks were classified into high egg weight (HEW) and light egg weight (LEW) groups. To reveal the underlying mechanism that may be responsible for the egg weight difference, the integrated analysis of transcriptomes and serum metabolomics was performed between the two groups. The results showed extremely significant differences (P < 0.01) in the total egg weight at 300 d, and average egg weight between the HEW and LEW groups. 733, 591, 82, and 74 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver, magnum, F1, and F5 (hierarchical follicles) follicle membrane, respectively. The candidate genes were screened further from the perspective of forming an egg. In terms of egg yolk formation, the functional analysis revealed fatty acid metabolism-related pathways account for 36% of the liver's top pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerol lipid metabolism pathways. FASN gene was identified as the key candidate gene by comprehensive analysis of gene expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. In the follicle membrane, the DEGs were mainly enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and MAPK signaling pathway, and HSPA2, HSPA8, BAG3 genes were identified as crucial candidate genes. In terms of egg white formation, the functional analysis revealed protein metabolism-related pathways account for 40% of the magnum's top pathways, which includes protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. HSP90AA1 and HSPA8 genes were identified as key candidate genes. In addition, the integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that arginine and proline metabolism pathways could contribute to differences in egg weight. Thus, we speculated that the potential candidate genes, regulatory pathways, and metabolic biomarkers mentioned above might be responsible for the egg weight difference. These findings might provide a theoretical basis for improving the egg weight of ducks.
蛋重是蛋表型特征的一个重要指标，直接影响家禽养殖业的经济效益。本研究将产蛋鸭分为高蛋重（HEW）和低蛋重（LEW）两组。为揭示可能导致蛋重差异的潜在机制，对两组进行了转录组和血清代谢组的综合分析。结果表明，两组间 300 日龄总蛋重和平均蛋重差异极显著（P < 0.01）。在肝脏、腔上囊、F1 和 F5（滤泡）滤泡膜中分别鉴定出 733、591、82 和 74 个差异表达基因（DEGs）。从形成蛋的角度进一步筛选候选基因。在蛋黄形成方面，功能分析表明脂肪酸代谢相关途径占肝脏前 36%的途径，包括脂肪酸生物合成、叶酸生物合成、脂肪酸代谢和甘油脂质代谢途径。通过综合基因表达和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络分析，鉴定 FASN 基因为关键候选基因。在滤泡膜中，DEGs 主要富集于内质网蛋白加工和 MAPK 信号通路，鉴定 HSPA2、HSPA8、BAG3 基因为关键候选基因。在蛋清形成方面，功能分析表明蛋白代谢相关途径占腔上囊前 40%的途径，包括内质网蛋白加工途径。鉴定 HSP90AA1 和 HSPA8 基因为关键候选基因。此外，转录组和代谢组的综合分析表明，精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢途径可能导致蛋重差异。因此，我们推测上述潜在候选基因、调控途径和代谢生物标志物可能是导致蛋重差异的原因。这些发现可能为提高鸭蛋重提供理论依据。
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