Harmanci Sena, Dutta Abir, Cesur Sumeyye, Sahin Ali, Gunduz Oguzhan, Kalaskar Deepak M, Ustundag Cem Bulent
Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey.
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Dec 5;14(23):5306. doi: 10.3390/polym14235306.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion, sensitivity, and hyperglycemia. Diabetic wounds are one of the significant complications of T2DM owing to its difficulty in normal healing, resulting in chronic wounds. In the present work, PCL/PVA, PCL/PVA/PCL, and metformin-loaded, PCL/PVA-Met and PCL/PVA-Met/PCL hybrid scaffolds with different designs were fabricated using 3D printing. The porosity and morphological analysis of 3D-printed scaffolds were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The scaffolds' average pore sizes were between 63.6 ± 4.0 and 112.9 ± 3.0 μm. Molecular and chemical interactions between polymers and the drug were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical, thermal, and degradation analysis of the scaffolds were undertaken to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of the scaffolds. Owing to the structure, PCL/PVA/PCL sandwich scaffolds had lower degradation rates than the bi-layer scaffolds. The drug release of the metformin-loaded scaffolds was evaluated with UV spectrometry, and the biocompatibility of the scaffolds on fibroblast cells was determined by cell culture analysis. The drug release in the PCL/PVA-Met scaffold was sustained till six days, whereas in the PCL/PVA-Met/PCL, it continued for 31 days. In the study of drug release kinetics, PCL/PVA-Met and PCL/PVA-Met/PCL scaffolds showed the highest correlation coefficients (R) values for the first-order release model at 0.8735 and 0.889, respectively. Since the layered structures in the literature are mainly obtained with the electrospun fiber structures, these biocompatible sandwich scaffolds, produced for the first time with 3D-printing technology, may offer an alternative to existing drug delivery systems and may be a promising candidate for enhancing diabetic wound healing.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种以胰岛素分泌受损、敏感性降低和高血糖为特征的慢性疾病。糖尿病伤口是T2DM的主要并发症之一，因其难以正常愈合，导致慢性伤口。在本研究中，采用3D打印技术制备了具有不同设计的聚己内酯/聚乙烯醇（PCL/PVA）、聚己内酯/聚乙烯醇/聚己内酯（PCL/PVA/PCL）以及负载二甲双胍的PCL/PVA-Met和PCL/PVA-Met/PCL复合支架。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对3D打印支架进行孔隙率和形态分析。支架的平均孔径在63.6±4.0至112.9±3.0μm之间。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）研究聚合物与药物之间的分子和化学相互作用。对支架进行力学、热学和降解分析，以研究支架的物理化学特性。由于结构原因，PCL/PVA/PCL三明治支架的降解速率低于双层支架。采用紫外光谱法评估负载二甲双胍支架的药物释放情况，并通过细胞培养分析确定支架对成纤维细胞的生物相容性。PCL/PVA-Met支架中的药物释放持续至6天，而在PCL/PVA-Met/PCL中则持续31天。在药物释放动力学研究中，PCL/PVA-Met和PCL/PVA-Met/PCL支架在一级释放模型中的相关系数（R）值最高，分别为0.8735和0.889。由于文献中的分层结构主要通过电纺纤维结构获得，这些首次采用3D打印技术制备的生物相容性三明治支架可能为现有药物递送系统提供替代方案，并有望成为促进糖尿病伤口愈合的候选材料。
