Bazargani Behnaz, Moghtaderi Mastaneh
Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Avicenna J Med Biotechnol. 2022 Oct-Dec;14(4):264-269.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common condition with a high risk of mortality and morbidity, so, early diagnosis and management of AKI is very important in clinical practice. Despite significant progress in the management of AKI, it still carries high morbidity and mortality. BUN and serum creatinine are not very sensitive nor specific for the diagnosis of AKI because they are affected by many renal and non-renal factors that are independent of kidney injury or kidney function and change significantly only after significant kidney injury and with a substantial time delay. Detection of biomarkers of AKI made predominantly by the injured kidney tissue are essential for the early diagnosis of AKI. An ideal biomarker should be one that could be easily measured, with no interference with other biologic variables, and be able to clarify early phases of kidney damage. The most common biomarkers studied are Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), Cystatin-C, L type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (L-FABP), N-Acetyl-β-D Glucosaminidase (NAG), netrin-1, vanin-1, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and calprotectin.
急性肾损伤（AKI）是一种常见病症，具有较高的死亡率和发病率风险，因此，在临床实践中对AKI进行早期诊断和管理非常重要。尽管在AKI的管理方面取得了显著进展，但它仍然具有较高的发病率和死亡率。血尿素氮（BUN）和血清肌酐对AKI的诊断不太敏感也不具有特异性，因为它们受许多肾脏和非肾脏因素的影响，这些因素独立于肾损伤或肾功能，并且仅在严重肾损伤后且有相当长的时间延迟才会发生显著变化。检测主要由受损肾组织产生的AKI生物标志物对于AKI的早期诊断至关重要。理想的生物标志物应该是一种易于测量、不干扰其他生物学变量并且能够明确肾脏损伤早期阶段的标志物。研究最多的常见生物标志物是中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）、肾损伤分子-1（KIM-1）、胱抑素-C、L型脂肪酸结合蛋白（L-FABP）、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、网蛋白-1、血管生成素-1、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）和钙卫蛋白。
