from wild barley improves salt-tolerance of cultivated barley by altering physiological responses to salt stress.

INTRODUCTION

is a cultivable fungal endophyte that lives in symbiosis with wild barley () to which it confers salt tolerance. This study tested the hypothesis that derived from wild barley has the potential to increase salt tolerance in cultivated barley under salt stress.

METHODS

To test this hypothesis, the growth response, physiological parameters, and metabolic profiles of barley plants inoculated with (E+) and those not inoculated with (E-) were compared under salt stress.

RESULTS

Compared with E- barley plants, E+ barley plants had significantly increased plant height, shoot biomass, total biomass, chlorophyll content, osmotic synthesis, and accumulation of stress adaptation metabolites. increased the salt stress tolerance of cultivated barley, and the positive effects correlated with different salt stress conditions.

DISCUSSION

These results suggest that has promising potential for enhancing the salt tolerance of barley. New insights into the mechanisms underlying this barley-fungal endophyte association are provided, and interesting questions regarding the role of in fungus-enhanced tolerance to salt stress in this symbiosis are raised.