McDowell F
Ann Plast Surg. 1978 Mar;1(2):217-24. doi: 10.1097/00000637-197803000-00012.
Plastic surgical operations are among the oldest and have been developed increasingly from ancient times down to the present. However, the age of medical specialization did not begin until the latter part of the nineteenth century, and the specialty of plastic surgery is largely a child of the twentieth century. Most of the operations we do today have been created by plastic surgeons with the past 50 years, but were made possible only by the rapid developments in other surgical specialties and in all of medicine and science. The relationship with other specialties has been an interdependent one, and this is likely to be the pattern of the future. Plastic surgery, bridging the anatomical specialties as it does, must continue to draw bits of information here and there from them and to synthesize these into major contributions of great benefit to all. The specialty will grow in direct proportion to the success of the innovators within it in fulfilling their crucial role.
整形手术是最古老的外科手术之一，从古至今一直在不断发展。然而，医学专业化时代直到19世纪后半叶才开始，整形外科学专业很大程度上是20世纪的产物。我们如今进行的大多数手术都是整形外科医生在过去50年里创造的，但只有其他外科专业以及所有医学和科学领域的快速发展才使之成为可能。与其他专业的关系一直是相互依存的，而且这很可能是未来的模式。整形手术因其跨越解剖学专业，必须继续从各个专业中获取零星信息，并将这些信息整合为对所有人都有极大益处的重大贡献。该专业的发展将与其中创新者在履行其关键作用方面的成功成正比。
