Raj S V Aswathy, Jacob Abraham, Ambu V, Wilson Tom, Renuka R
Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Manjeri, Kerala, India.
District Post COVID Clinic and District TB Center, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Sep;11(9):5312-5319. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_131_22. Epub 2022 Oct 14.
The novel virus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is emerging evidence of post-COVID-19 manifestations among patients who sustain acute COVID-19. Most studies report fatigue, dyspnea, and myalgia as the common symptoms; however, currently, there is limited knowledge of these post-COVID manifestations and their risk factors, especially in India.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who had attended the district post-COVID clinic, Wayanad district, Kerala, from October 2020 to June 2021. Data were collected by direct/telephonic patient interviews and from their existing case records, using a pretested semi-structured proforma.
The sample size was 667. The mean age of the study population was 45 years (standard deviation [SD]: 14.55). The majority of the population presented with dyspnea (48%), fatigue (32%), and cough (25.6%). Mental health problems were also reported in 6% of participants. The respiratory system was commonly involved (61.2%). Around one-third of the patients (36.4%) had dyspnea on exertion and 11.8% had dyspnea at rest. One-fifth of the population reported aggravation of pre-existing co-morbidity and half of the respondents had persistence of at least one symptom after 6 months. There exist statistically significant associations between identified risk factors, especially gender, increasing age, the severity of COVID-19 infection, history of tobacco/alcohol use, and co-morbidities with outcomes.
As post-COVID syndrome is a multisystem disease, integrated rehabilitation is required with targeted intervention for survivors based on their symptoms and needs.
新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引发了2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行。在患有急性COVID-19的患者中，出现了COVID-19后表现的新证据。大多数研究报告疲劳、呼吸困难和肌痛是常见症状；然而，目前对于这些COVID后表现及其风险因素的了解有限，尤其是在印度。
对2020年10月至2021年6月期间前往喀拉拉邦韦亚纳德地区区级COVID后诊所就诊的患者进行了一项描述性横断面研究。通过直接/电话患者访谈并从他们现有的病例记录中收集数据，使用预先测试的半结构化表格。
样本量为667。研究人群的平均年龄为45岁（标准差[SD]：14.55）。大多数人表现为呼吸困难（48%）、疲劳（32%）和咳嗽（25.6%）。6%的参与者也报告有心理健康问题。呼吸系统最常受累（61.2%）。约三分之一的患者（36.4%）运动时出现呼吸困难，11.8%的患者静息时出现呼吸困难。五分之一的人报告既往合并症加重，一半的受访者在6个月后仍至少有一种症状持续存在。已确定的风险因素，尤其是性别、年龄增长、COVID-19感染的严重程度、烟草/酒精使用史和合并症与结果之间存在统计学上的显著关联。
由于COVID后综合征是一种多系统疾病，需要对幸存者进行综合康复，并根据他们的症状和需求进行有针对性的干预。
