Chauhan Hiteshkumar M., Taqi Muhammad
Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, M.K. Bhavnagar University, Gujarat, India
King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
An arched foot is a distinctive feature of humans, setting them apart from other primates. The foot arches contribute to upright posture and facilitate weight bearing. The human foot contains 2 longitudinal arches, medial and lateral, and a transverse arch with anterior and posterior components that function cohesively (see . Bones Forming the Foot Arches). The tarsals and metatarsals form the arches of the foot. Ligaments, along with extrinsic and intrinsic muscles, provide additional support and stability. Of the 2 longitudinal arches, the medial arch is higher. Of the transverse arch segments, the anterior portion is complete, whereas the posterior region is half-dome-shaped and incomplete. These arches render the sole concave, producing an incomplete footprint. Arches are present from birth but may be obscured in children by the subcutaneous fat pad. The foot arches provide a flexible platform for weight support and act as a multisegmented lever during walking, running, and jumping. An arched foot absorbs shock and adapts to uneven surfaces. Deformities may result from congenital anomalies or acquired conditions, including improper footwear or prolonged use of high heels. Understanding foot arch anatomy and function helps prevent and manage injuries related to abnormal weight distribution and gait patterns.
足弓是人类的一个显著特征，使人类有别于其他灵长类动物。足弓有助于保持直立姿势并便于负重。人类足部有2个纵弓，即内侧纵弓和外侧纵弓，以及一个由前后部分组成的横弓，它们协同发挥作用（见图。构成足弓的骨骼）。跗骨和跖骨形成足弓。韧带以及外在肌和内在肌提供额外的支撑和稳定性。在2个纵弓中，内侧纵弓更高。在横弓部分中，前部是完整的，而后部是半圆状且不完整的。这些足弓使足底呈凹形，产生不完整的脚印。足弓在出生时就存在，但在儿童中可能会被皮下脂肪垫掩盖。足弓为体重支撑提供了一个灵活的平台，并在行走、跑步和跳跃时充当多节段杠杆。足弓能吸收冲击并适应不平整的表面。畸形可能由先天性异常或后天性疾病引起，包括不合适的鞋类或长期穿高跟鞋。了解足弓的解剖结构和功能有助于预防和处理与异常体重分布和步态模式相关的损伤。
