Baker K A, Stabile V J, Mondloch C J
Brock University, Canada.
Brock University, Canada.
Cognition. 2023 Mar;232:105333. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105333. Epub 2022 Dec 9.
Matching identity in images of unfamiliar faces is difficult: Images of the same person can look different and images of different people can look similar. Recent studies have capitalized on individual differences in the ability to distinguish match (same ID) vs. mismatch (different IDs) face pairs to inform models of face recognition. We addressed two significant gaps in the literature by examining the stability of individual differences in both sensitivity to identity and response bias. In Study 1, 210 participants completed a battery of four tasks in each of two sessions separated by one week. Tasks varied in protocol (same/different, lineup, sorting) and stimulus characteristics (low vs. high within-person variability in appearance). In Study 2, 148 participants completed a battery of three tasks in a single session. Stimuli were presented simultaneously on some trials and sequentially on others, introducing short-term memory demands. Principal components analysis revealed two components that were stable across time and tasks: sensitivity to identity and bias. Analyses of response times suggest that individual differences in bias reflect decision-making processes. We discuss the implications of our findings in applied settings and for models of face recognition.
同一个人的图像可能看起来不同，而不同人的图像可能看起来相似。最近的研究利用了个体在区分匹配（相同身份）与不匹配（不同身份）面孔对能力上的差异，来为面部识别模型提供信息。我们通过研究身份敏感性和反应偏差方面个体差异的稳定性，解决了文献中的两个重大空白。在研究1中，210名参与者在相隔一周的两个阶段中，每个阶段都完成了一系列四项任务。任务在协议（相同/不同、列队辨认、分类）和刺激特征（外貌上个体内部低变异性与高变异性）方面有所不同。在研究2中，148名参与者在单个阶段完成了一系列三项任务。在一些试验中刺激同时呈现，在其他试验中依次呈现，引入了短期记忆要求。主成分分析揭示了两个在时间和任务上都稳定的成分：身份敏感性和偏差。反应时间分析表明，偏差方面的个体差异反映了决策过程。我们讨论了我们的研究结果在应用场景以及面部识别模型方面的意义。
