Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barishal, Bangladesh.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Dec 16;195(1):201. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10764-8.
Despite being a historically significant and biologically diverse protected area in Bangladesh, Bhawal National Park (BNP) has been the victim of anthropogenic activities that have challenged its sustainability. This study aims to determine the extent of landscape change and forest area depletion within BNP territory from 2005 to 2020, as land use change is the most visible indicator of human footprint liable to biodiversity loss and land degradation. Landsat satellite images from four sensors are used in this research (MSS, TM, OLI, and TIRS). The complex spatial composition of Bhawal National Park was characterized using a supervised classification technique using ArcMap version 10.8. The findings show a steady decline in the dense and degraded forest classifications, but an increase in the other classed classes. Waterbody, settlement, and chala/baid are found to increase by approximately 105, 369, and 650% respectively from 2005 till 2020, while, the area of dense and degraded forest decreased by about 47 and 51%. Within 16 years, nearly 1000 ha of dense forest cover has been depleted. Comparing the latest classified image of BNP with the relevant map, Bhabanipur, B.K. Bari, and Boupara beat are identified to be the most degraded areas. The conclusion can be drawn from this study that owing to most suppressing factors, namely settlement and chala/baid, a forest cover of nearly 2284 ha has been depleted from this national park which is almost 49% of the total possessed forest cover in 2005.
尽管孟加拉国的巴哈瓦尔国家公园（Bhawal National Park，BNP）在历史上具有重要意义，生物多样性丰富，但它还是受到了人类活动的影响，这些活动对其可持续性构成了挑战。本研究旨在确定 2005 年至 2020 年期间 BNP 境内景观变化和森林面积减少的程度，因为土地利用变化是最能体现人类足迹对生物多样性丧失和土地退化影响的可见指标。本研究使用了来自四个传感器的 Landsat 卫星图像（MSS、TM、OLI 和 TIRS）。使用 ArcMap 版本 10.8 中的监督分类技术对巴哈瓦尔国家公园复杂的空间组成进行了特征描述。研究结果表明，密集和退化森林分类的数量持续减少，但其他类别的数量增加。从 2005 年到 2020 年，水体、定居点和 chala/baid 的面积分别增加了约 105%、369%和 650%，而密集和退化森林的面积分别减少了约 47%和 51%。在 16 年内，近 1000 公顷的密集森林覆盖已被消耗殆尽。将 BNP 的最新分类图像与相关地图 Bhabanipur、B.K. Bari 和 Boupara beat 进行比较，可以发现这些地区的退化最为严重。从本研究可以得出结论，由于定居点和 chala/baid 等大多数抑制因素的影响，这个国家公园已经损失了近 2284 公顷的森林覆盖，这几乎是 2005 年该公园总森林覆盖面积的 49%。
