Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Odontology. 2023 Jul;111(3):734-741. doi: 10.1007/s10266-022-00779-5. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
Among the non-metrical variants of the mandible that have been proven to be a key issue for dental practitioners, the retromolar foramen constitutes one of the most controversial details regarding its prevalence and associated variables. Thus, this study evaluated the prevalence of the retromolar foramen and the variables associated with its presence in a large Spanish collection of human dry mandibles from the nineteenth century. Six hundred Spanish human dry mandibles (1200 sides) belonging to an osteology collection were examined. The presence of teeth, the presence or absence of retromolar foramen, as well as its side, diameter, number, and location were evaluated. Descriptive analysis and analysis of the associations between the variables were performed. The retromolar foramen was observed in 184 mandibles (31%) and was predominantly present unilaterally (60.8%). Most mandibles (54.9%) had a single foramen. The most common location was the retromolar trigone region (84%). On analysis of the association of variables, it was observed a strong association (p < 0.001) between the presence or absence of the foramen and the presence of teeth. Moreover, a significant association was also found between sex vs. presence of teeth (p = 0.033), sex vs. presentation side of the foramen (p = 0.028), sex vs. number of foramina found (p = 0.004), and diameter vs. number of foramina found (p < 0.001). This study reveals that the retromolar foramen showed a high prevalence of 31% in nineteenth century Spaniards and was located primarily in the retromolar trigone, suggesting that dentists should be aware of and consider the relevant findings of this study.
在已被证明对牙科医生来说是关键问题的下颌骨非度量变体中，磨牙后孔是其普遍性及其相关变量中最具争议的细节之一。因此，本研究评估了磨牙后孔的流行率及其在来自 19 世纪的大量西班牙人干下颌骨集合中的存在相关变量。检查了属于骨骼学收藏的 600 个西班牙人干下颌骨（1200 侧）。评估了牙齿的存在、磨牙后孔的存在或不存在，以及其侧、直径、数量和位置。进行了描述性分析和变量之间关联的分析。在 184 个下颌骨（31%）中观察到磨牙后孔，主要是单侧存在（60.8%）。大多数下颌骨（54.9%）有一个单一的孔。最常见的位置是磨牙后三角区（84%）。在对变量的关联分析中，观察到孔的存在或不存在与牙齿的存在之间存在强烈关联（p < 0.001）。此外，还发现性别与牙齿的存在（p = 0.033）、性别与孔的出现侧（p = 0.028）、性别与发现的孔数（p = 0.004）之间存在显著关联，以及直径与发现的孔数（p < 0.001）。本研究表明，磨牙后孔在 19 世纪西班牙人中的流行率很高，为 31%，主要位于磨牙后三角区，这表明牙医应该意识到并考虑本研究的相关发现。
