Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMJ. 2022 Dec 21;379:e074093. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074093.
To assess whether male elite football players are at increased risk of alcohol related disorders compared with men from the general population, and whether such an increased risk would vary on the basis of calendar year of the first playing season in the top tier of competition, age, career length, and goal scoring abilities.
Nationwide cohort study.
Sweden, 1924-2020.
6007 male football players who had played in the Swedish top division, Allsvenskan, from 1924 to 2019 and 56 168 men from the general population matched to players based on age and region of residence.
Primary outcome was alcohol related disorders (diagnoses recorded in death certificates, during hospital admissions and outpatient visits, or use of prescription drugs for alcohol addiction); secondary outcome was disorders related to misuse of other drugs.
During follow-up up to 31 December 2020, 257 (4.3%) football players and 3528 (6.3%) men from the general population received diagnoses of alcohol related disorders. In analyses accounting for age, region of residence, and calendar time, risk of alcohol related disorders was lower among football players than among men from the general population (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.81). A reduced risk of alcohol related disorders was observed for football players who played their first season in the top tier in the early 1960s and later, while no significant difference versus men from the general population was seen in the risk for football players from earlier eras. The hazard ratio was lowest at around age 35 years, and then increased with age; at around age 75 years, football players had a higher risk of alcohol related disorders than men from the general population. No significant association was seen between goal scoring, number of games, and seasons played in the top tier and the risk of alcohol related disorders. Risk of disorders related to other drug misuse was significantly lower among football players than the general population (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.34).
In this nationwide cohort study, male football players who had played in the Swedish top tier of competition had a significantly lower risk of alcohol related disorders than men from the general population.
评估与普通人群相比，男性精英足球运动员是否有更高的酒精相关障碍风险，以及这种风险是否会因顶级比赛中首次参赛的历年、年龄、职业生涯长度和进球能力而有所不同。
全国性队列研究。
瑞典，1924 年至 2020 年。
1924 年至 2019 年在瑞典顶级联赛（Allsvenskan）中踢球的 6007 名男性足球运动员，以及根据年龄和居住地与运动员相匹配的 56168 名普通人群中的男性。
主要结局为酒精相关障碍（死亡证明、住院和门诊就诊期间的诊断记录，或用于治疗酒精成瘾的处方药）；次要结局为与滥用其他药物相关的障碍。
截至 2020 年 12 月 31 日的随访期间，257 名（4.3%）足球运动员和 3528 名（6.3%）普通人群男性被诊断患有酒精相关障碍。在考虑年龄、居住地区和时间的分析中，足球运动员发生酒精相关障碍的风险低于普通人群男性（风险比 0.71，95%置信区间 0.62 至 0.81）。在 20 世纪 60 年代早期及以后首次参加顶级联赛的足球运动员，其酒精相关障碍的风险降低，而在更早时期的足球运动员中，与普通人群男性相比，其风险无显著差异。风险比在 35 岁左右最低，然后随年龄增加而增加；在 75 岁左右，足球运动员发生酒精相关障碍的风险高于普通人群男性。进球、比赛次数和顶级联赛赛季数与酒精相关障碍风险之间无显著关联。与其他药物滥用相关的障碍风险在足球运动员中显著低于普通人群（风险比 0.22，95%置信区间 0.15 至 0.34）。
在这项全国性队列研究中，与普通人群男性相比，参加过瑞典顶级联赛的男性足球运动员发生酒精相关障碍的风险显著降低。
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