Adan Ana, Forero Diego A, Navarro José Francisco
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Psychiatry. 2017 Jul 28;8:134. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00134. eCollection 2017.
The pattern of alcohol consumption in the form of binge drinking (BD) or heavy episodic drinking has increased notably worldwide in recent years, especially among adolescent and young people, being currently recognized as a global health problem. Although only a minority of binge drinkers will develop a substance use disorder, BD may have negative personal and social consequences in the short and medium term. The objective of this article is to review the findings on personality traits related to binge drinkers and to emphasize the aspects that should be examined in order to make progress in this area. The main characteristics of personality related to the practice of BD, regardless of the theoretical model used, are high Impulsivity and high Sensation seeking, as well as Anxiety sensitivity, Neuroticism (Hopelessness), Extraversion and low Conscientiousness. The data obtained may have theoretical implications to elucidate the endophenotype of BD, but they are especially useful for their preventive applications. Integration into prevention programs of emotional self-control skills, decision-making, social skills, and strategies to manage negative emotions will minimize the risk factors or consequences of BD associated with personality and will improve their effectiveness. In the future, it is necessary to harmonize a common measurement instrument for the assessment of personality, develop longitudinal studies with large samples that also integrate biological and neurocognitive measurements, and determine the reciprocal relationship between personality and BD together with its modulating variables, as well as the possible cultural differences.
近年来，以狂饮（BD）或重度偶发性饮酒形式出现的酒精消费模式在全球范围内显著增加，尤其是在青少年和年轻人中，目前已被视为一个全球健康问题。虽然只有少数狂饮者会发展成物质使用障碍，但BD在短期和中期可能会产生负面的个人和社会后果。本文的目的是回顾与狂饮者相关的人格特质研究结果，并强调为在该领域取得进展而应审视的方面。无论使用何种理论模型，与BD行为相关的人格主要特征是高冲动性、高感觉寻求，以及焦虑敏感性、神经质（绝望感）、外向性和低尽责性。所获得的数据可能对阐明BD的内表型具有理论意义，但它们在预防应用方面尤其有用。将情绪自我控制技能、决策、社交技能以及管理负面情绪的策略纳入预防计划，将最大限度地减少与人格相关的BD风险因素或后果，并提高其有效性。未来，有必要统一用于评估人格的通用测量工具，开展整合生物和神经认知测量的大样本纵向研究，确定人格与BD之间的相互关系及其调节变量，以及可能存在的文化差异。
