MR imaging with surface coils in primary hyperparathyroidism.

The use of magnetic resonance (MR) to preoperatively evaluate patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was assessed using a 1.5 T system and surface coil reception. Twenty-five patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied before surgical exploration. Axial images, 5 mm thick, were obtained from the thyroid cartilage to the sternal notch. Both T1-weighted [short repetition time (TR), short echo time (TE)] and T2-weighted (long TR, long TE) spin echo sequences were performed in most cases. Parathyroid adenomas typically demonstrated greater signal than surrounding tissues on T2-weighted sequences, yet demonstrated signal intensity that was less than or equal to normal thyroid tissue on T1-weighted sequences. Using these criteria, MR correctly identified 17 of 20 surgically proven parathyroid adenomas in the neck. Magnetic resonance appeared less sensitive in two patients with parathyroid hyperplasia, identifying only one of six hyperplastic glands. We conclude that MR with surface coils provides high contrast, anatomic delineation of the neck and is useful for preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors.