Koirala Jaya, Raddi Sudha A, Dalal Anita Dadi
KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research ( KAHER) Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2022 Nov 3;20(2):464-474. doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v20i02.4274.
Malnutrition is a serious underlying cause of child and maternal deaths around the world. The objective of this study evaluates maternal anemia and body mass index as determinants of pregnancy outcomes. Undernourishment during pregnancy can occurs Intra Uterine Growth Retardation. Contributing to about 80,0000 new-borns, 40,0000 infant deaths and 20% under 2 years children have stunted, 20% of maternal deaths during labor and early postpartum.
This study Hospital-based cross-sectional study. The study comprised laboring women admitted for delivery in selected tertiary care hospital in South India from 10th November 2021 to 20th January 2022. Structured interview schedule for demographic information, patient's case sheet for information about the 'Body Mass Index as a determinants of pregnancy outcomes' and anthropometric measurement for body mass index (weight and height). All registered deliveries in the study period have been included, comprising of 101 sample size Bivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the factors associated with outcome variables. A significant level of 5% was used to decide the significance of statistical tests.
Body Mass Index in the 1st antenatal visit of the women who came for delivery in tertiary care hospital, underweight 36.6%, normal body mass index 52.5%, and overweight 10.9%. During 1st antenatal visit 58.4% had anemia, while 53.5% had mild anemia during the last antenatal visit. Respectively 39.6% of antenatal women had normal Hb% during 1st antenatal care visit, whereas 46.5% had normal Hb%, during their last antenatal visit. The mode of delivery; spontaneous vaginal delivery 45.5%, vacuum delivery 3.0%, emergency caesarean section delivery 50.5%. Preterm delivery was statistically significant among whose first antenatal care visit was after 11th weeks of gestation. Whereas, emergency caesarean section delivery was statistically significant among underweight. Increasing maternal weight body mass index was associated with maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Which was risk of pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and caesarean section delivery.
Every 2nd women was anemic, every 3rd pregnant women was underweight (BMI >18.5), every 2nd baby was born with caesarean section delivery. Preterm delivery was statically significant of weeks of gestation during first antenatal care visit with more than 11th weeks of gestation. Whereas, emergency cesarean section was significant with low body mass index.
营养不良是全球儿童和孕产妇死亡的一个严重潜在原因。本研究的目的是评估孕产妇贫血和体重指数作为妊娠结局的决定因素。孕期营养不足可导致宫内生长迟缓。这导致约80万新生儿、4万婴儿死亡，20%的2岁以下儿童发育迟缓，20%的孕产妇在分娩和产后早期死亡。
本研究为基于医院的横断面研究。研究对象为2021年11月10日至2022年1月20日在印度南部选定的三级护理医院入院分娩的产妇。通过结构化访谈问卷收集人口统计学信息，通过患者病历收集“体重指数作为妊娠结局决定因素”的信息，并进行体重指数的人体测量（体重和身高）。研究期间所有登记的分娩病例均纳入研究，样本量为101例。采用双变量逻辑回归确定与结局变量相关的因素。采用5%的显著水平来判定统计检验的显著性。
在三级护理医院分娩的妇女首次产前检查时，体重过轻的占36.6%，体重指数正常的占52.5%，超重的占10.9%。首次产前检查时58.4%的妇女贫血，而在最后一次产前检查时53.5%的妇女有轻度贫血。分别有39.6%的产前妇女在首次产前检查时血红蛋白百分比正常，而在最后一次产前检查时46.5%的妇女血红蛋白百分比正常。分娩方式：自然阴道分娩占45.5%，真空分娩占3.0%，急诊剖宫产占50.5%。首次产前检查在妊娠11周后进行的孕妇中早产具有统计学意义。而在体重过轻的孕妇中急诊剖宫产具有统计学意义。孕产妇体重指数增加与孕产妇和新生儿健康结局相关。这包括妊娠高血压、先兆子痫、子痫、妊娠期糖尿病和剖宫产的风险。
每2名妇女中有1名贫血，每3名孕妇中有1名体重过轻（体重指数>18.5），每2名婴儿中有1名通过剖宫产出生。首次产前检查时妊娠周数超过11周的孕妇早产具有统计学意义。而急诊剖宫产与低体重指数相关。
