Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Los Navegantes 1963, Providencia, Santiago 7520246, Chile.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 19;19(24):17064. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192417064.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has temporarily decreased black carbon emissions worldwide. The use of multi-wavelength aethalometers provides a quantitative apportionment of black carbon (BC) from fossil fuels (BC) and wood-burning sources (BC). However, this apportionment is aggregated: local and non-local BC sources are lumped together in the aethalometer results.
We propose a spatiotemporal analysis of BC results along with meteorological data, using a fuzzy clustering approach, to resolve local and non-local BC contributions. We apply this methodology to BC measurements taken at an urban site in Santiago, Chile, from March through December 2020, including lockdown periods of different intensities.
BC accounts for 85% of total BC; there was up to an 80% reduction in total BC during the most restrictive lockdowns (April-June); the reduction was 40-50% in periods with less restrictive lockdowns. The new methodology can apportion BC and BC into local and non-local contributions; local traffic (wood burning) sources account for 66% (86%) of BC (BC).
The intensive lockdowns brought down ambient BC across the city. The proposed fuzzy clustering methodology can resolve local and non-local contributions to BC in urban zones.
SARS-CoV-2 大流行已在全球范围内暂时减少了黑碳排放。多波长黑碳仪的使用提供了对黑碳（BC）的定量分配，包括化石燃料（BC）和木柴燃烧源（BC）。然而，这种分配是聚合的：本地和非本地 BC 源在黑碳仪结果中混合在一起。
我们提出了一种使用模糊聚类方法对 BC 结果与气象数据进行时空分析的方法，以解析本地和非本地 BC 的贡献。我们将这种方法应用于 2020 年 3 月至 12 月在智利圣地亚哥的一个城市站点进行的 BC 测量，包括不同强度的封锁期。
BC 占总 BC 的 85%；在最严格的封锁期间（4 月至 6 月），总 BC 减少了 80%；在限制较少的封锁期间，减少了 40-50%。新方法可以将 BC 和 BC 分配为本地和非本地贡献；本地交通（木柴燃烧）源占 BC（BC）的 66%（86%）。
密集的封锁使全市环境 BC 下降。所提出的模糊聚类方法可以解析城市区域内 BC 的本地和非本地贡献。
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