Alonso Lise, Pommier Thomas, Abrouk Danis, Hugoni Mylène, Tran Van Van, Minard Guillaume, Valiente Moro Claire, Moënne-Loccoz Yvan
Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 12;10(12):2449. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122449.
Lascaux Cave is a UNESCO site that was closed to the public following wall surface alterations. Most black stains that had formed on wall surface are stable or receding, but a new type of alteration visually quite different (termed dark zones) developed in Lascaux's Apse room in the last 15 years. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dark zones displayed a different microbial community than black stains previously documented in the same room, using metabarcoding (MiSeq sequencing). Indeed, dark zones, black stains and neighboring unstained parts displayed distinct microbial communities. However, similarly to what was observed in black stains, pigmented fungi such as (now ) were more abundant and the bacteria less abundant in dark zones than in unstained parts. The collembola , which can disseminate microorganisms involved in black stain development, was also present on dark zones. Illumina sequencing evidenced () in all collembola samples from dark zones, as in collembola from black stains. This study shows that the microbial properties of dark zones are peculiar, yet dark zones display a number of microbial resemblances with black stains, which suggests a possible role of collembola in promoting these two types of microbial alterations on wall surfaces.
拉斯科洞穴是一处联合国教科文组织认定的遗址，自墙面出现变化后便不再对公众开放。墙面上形成的大多数黑色污渍处于稳定状态或正在消退，但在过去15年里，拉斯科洞穴后殿出现了一种视觉上截然不同的新型变化（称为暗区）。在此，我们使用宏条形码（MiSeq测序）检验了这样一个假设：暗区的微生物群落与之前在同一房间记录的黑色污渍不同。事实上，暗区、黑色污渍以及相邻的未染色部分呈现出不同的微生物群落。然而，与在黑色污渍中观察到的情况类似，在暗区中，诸如（现为）等有色素的真菌比未染色部分更为丰富，而细菌则比未染色部分更少。能够传播与黑色污渍形成有关的微生物的弹尾虫，在暗区也有出现。正如在来自黑色污渍的弹尾虫中一样，Illumina测序在来自暗区的所有弹尾虫样本中都证实了（）。这项研究表明，暗区的微生物特性很独特，但暗区与黑色污渍在微生物方面有许多相似之处，这表明弹尾虫可能在促进墙面上这两种微生物变化方面发挥了作用。
