Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 14;14(24):5307. doi: 10.3390/nu14245307.
Background: The VITAL study was a nationwide, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) and marine n-3 FAs (1 g/day) supplements. We recently reported that vitamin D supplementation with or without omega 3 fatty acids reduced autoimmune disease by 22% in the VITAL study. Objective: To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 and/or n-3 FAs on changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines over a 4-year period in the VITAL sub-cohort with in-person evaluations at the Center for Clinical Investigations (CCI) in Boston. Design: Serum levels of four inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured in a total of 2713 samples from those 1054 VITAL/CCI participants (aged 64.9 ± 6.5 years, 49% female, 84% white, and 9% black) at baseline, year 2, and year 4 follow-up visits. Results: In multiple-adjusted models, vitamin D3 supplementation decreased serum hs-CRP levels by 19% at 2-year follow-up (nominal p = 0.007; p-value after multiple comparison adjustment = 0.028), but not at 4-year follow-up (nominal and adjusted p-values > 0.05). The effects of vitamin D3 on other inflammatory markers were not statistically significant either at year 2 or year 4 (all adjusted p-values > 0.05). Marine n-3 FAs were not significantly associated with changes of all the above inflammatory markers either at years 2 and 4, after multiple comparison adjustment (all p-values > 0.05). Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation with or without n-3 FAs decreased hs-CRP by 19% at year 2, but not other inflammatory biomarkers at year 2 or year 4, while n-3 FAs with or without vitamin D3 did not significantly affect these biomarkers at either time point. Our findings support a potential role of vitamin D supplementation in modulating the chronic inflammatory process, systemic inflammation, and possibly autoimmune disease progression.
VITAL 研究是一项全国性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、2×2 析因试验，研究了维生素 D3（2000IU/天）和海洋 n-3 FA（1 克/天）补充剂。我们最近报告称，在 VITAL 研究中，维生素 D 补充剂加或不加欧米伽 3 脂肪酸可使自身免疫性疾病减少 22%。目的：在 VITAL 亚队列中，通过在波士顿临床调查中心（CCI）进行的面对面评估，研究维生素 D3 和/或 n-3 FA 对 4 年内全身炎症生物标志物（包括促炎和抗炎细胞因子）变化的影响。设计：在 VITAL/CCI 共有 1054 名参与者（年龄 64.9±6.5 岁，49%为女性，84%为白人，9%为黑人）的总共 2713 个样本中，测量了 4 种炎症生物标志物（高敏 C 反应蛋白[hs-CRP]、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-10 和肿瘤坏死因子-α）的血清水平，分别在基线、第 2 年和第 4 年随访时进行测量。结果：在多因素调整模型中，维生素 D3 补充剂在第 2 年随访时使 hs-CRP 水平降低 19%（名义 p=0.007；经多重比较调整后的 p 值=0.028），但在第 4 年随访时没有降低（名义和调整后的 p 值均>0.05）。维生素 D3 对其他炎症标志物的影响在第 2 年和第 4 年也没有统计学意义（所有调整后的 p 值均>0.05）。海洋 n-3 FA 与所有上述炎症标志物在第 2 年和第 4 年的变化均无显著相关性，经多重比较调整后（所有 p 值均>0.05）。结论：维生素 D3 补充剂加或不加 n-3 FA 可使 hs-CRP 在第 2 年降低 19%，但在第 2 年或第 4 年对其他炎症标志物没有影响，而 n-3 FA 加或不加维生素 D3 对这两个时间点的这些标志物也没有显著影响。我们的发现支持维生素 D 补充在调节慢性炎症过程、全身炎症和可能的自身免疫性疾病进展方面的潜在作用。
