Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 19;14(24):5401. doi: 10.3390/nu14245401.
Treatment of obesity should be multidirectional and include, in addition to bariatric surgery, changing the key factors of lifestyle and eating habits. The study aimed to assess the impact of bariatric surgery and dietary care on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, changes in lifestyle, and eating habits of patients within 9 months after the procedure, with the selection of environmental factors determining BMI variation. The study included 30 SG patients before surgery (month zero) and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after SG. Patients completed a questionnaire regarding age, sex, place of residence, education, professional activity, number of family members, financial situation, family history of obesity, previous forms of therapy, self-assessment of nutritional knowledge, receiving and following nutritional recommendations, eating habits, frequency of body weight control, leisure time. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and systolic and diastolic pressure were measured, and BMI and WHR (Waist to Hip Ratio) were calculated. Within 9 months after the procedure, the patients' body weight and BMI decreased on average by 26%. Post bariatric surgery, patients changed their eating habits. The influence of bariatric SG surgery and time after surgery was decisive for the normalization of BMI and explained the 33% variation in BMI up to 9 months after the procedure. Other factors important for the normalization of BMI after surgery were: male gender, older age of patients, family obesity (non-modifiable factors), as well as previous forms of therapy related to weight loss before surgery, shortening the intervals between meals and stopping eating at night (modifiable factors). The tested model explained 68% of the BMI variation after SG surgery for all assessed factors. Changes in lifestyle and eating habits in bariatric patients are crucial to maintaining the effect of bariatric surgery.
肥胖的治疗应该是多方位的，除了减重手术外，还应包括改变生活方式和饮食习惯的关键因素。本研究旨在评估减重手术和饮食护理对患者手术后 9 个月内的人体测量学指标、血压、生活方式和饮食习惯的影响，并选择确定 BMI 变化的环境因素。该研究纳入了 30 名接受 SG 手术的患者，分别在手术前（零月）和手术后 1、3、6 和 9 个月进行评估。患者完成了一份关于年龄、性别、居住地、教育程度、职业活动、家庭成员数量、经济状况、肥胖家族史、以前的治疗形式、营养知识自我评估、接受和遵循营养建议、饮食习惯、体重控制频率、休闲时间的问卷。测量了患者的体重、身高、腰围和臀围，以及收缩压和舒张压，并计算了 BMI 和 WHR（腰臀比）。在手术后 9 个月内，患者的体重和 BMI 平均下降了 26%。手术后，患者改变了饮食习惯。减重手术和手术后时间对 BMI 的正常化有决定性影响，解释了手术后 9 个月内 BMI 变化的 33%。对手术后 BMI 正常化很重要的其他因素包括：男性性别、患者年龄较大、家庭肥胖（不可变因素），以及与术前减肥相关的以前的治疗形式、缩短用餐间隔和停止夜间进食（可改变因素）。测试模型解释了所有评估因素后 SG 手术后 BMI 变化的 68%。减重患者生活方式和饮食习惯的改变对于维持减重手术的效果至关重要。
