环境采样方法对无笼式禽舍中病原体检测的影响。

Environmental sampling methods' influence on detection of pathogens in cage-free aviary housing.

机构信息

Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605, USA.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2023 Feb;102(2):102381. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102381. Epub 2022 Dec 5.

DOI:10.1016/j.psj.2022.102381

PMID:36565638

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9801193/

Abstract

The environmental sampling of layer housing systems is essential to identifying potential pathogens that are of concern to human health. To identify the natural occurrence of pathogens (Listeria, Campylobacter, and Salmonella) at various locations in a cage-free aviary housing system, swabs were collected when hens were 22 to 39 wks of age. Duplicate environmental swabs were taken and inoculated with a low dose (10 cfu) Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and examined for the recovery of SE from environmental samples. Detection of Listeria (P < 0.0001) and Campylobacter (P < 0.0001) varied between the environmental sample types taken: concrete dust, drag swabs, egg belt dust, manure belt scraper swabs, and wall dust. Detection of Listeria (P < 0.0001) was the highest (70.0%) at the beginning of the study (22 wk) and decreased over time. Detection of Campylobacter (P < 0.001) was also the highest at 22 wk, however the decrease over time was more gradual. Interestingly, detection of Campylobacter (P < 0.0001) was the greatest in concrete dust samples (96.25%), which can be attributed to the presence of rodent excreta in the samples. Drag swabs and manure belt scraper swabs were the best sampling types for high detection of Listeria and Campylobacter. It should be noted that Listeria recovered was not of human health concern. No naturally occurring Salmonella was identified in this study. The recovery of the SE inoculum increased over time, reaching the greatest recovery in drag (81.25%; P < 0.0001), egg belt dust (100.00%; P < 0.0001) and wall dust swabs (100.00%; P < 0.0001) by 39 wk. This high rate of SE recovery occurred just before US mandatory SE environmental monitoring at 40 to 45 wks of age. Based on this study, the use of drag and manure belt scraper swabs are effective in detecting Listeria and Campylobacter in cage-free aviary housing. Along with good pest management, the occurrence of pathogens could be monitored and reduced in laying hen flocks.

摘要

对无笼养鸡舍系统进行环境采样对于确定对人类健康构成威胁的潜在病原体至关重要。为了确定无笼养鸡舍系统中不同位置的病原体（李斯特菌、弯曲杆菌和沙门氏菌）的自然发生情况，在母鸡 22 至 39 周龄时采集了拭子。采集了两份环境拭子，并接种了低剂量（10cfu）肠炎沙门氏菌（SE），并检查了从环境样本中回收 SE 的情况。从采集的不同类型的环境样本中检测到李斯特菌（P<0.0001）和弯曲杆菌（P<0.0001）的情况有所不同：混凝土灰尘、拖曳拭子、蛋带灰尘、粪带刮刀拭子和墙壁灰尘。研究开始时（22 周）李斯特菌的检测率最高（70.0%），随着时间的推移而下降。在 22 周时，弯曲杆菌的检测率也最高，但随着时间的推移，下降速度更为缓慢。有趣的是，在混凝土灰尘样本中检测到的弯曲杆菌（P<0.0001）最高，这可能归因于样本中存在啮齿动物粪便。拖曳拭子和粪带刮刀拭子是检测李斯特菌和弯曲杆菌的最佳采样类型。需要注意的是，回收的李斯特菌不会对人类健康构成威胁。在本研究中未发现天然存在的沙门氏菌。SE 接种物的回收随着时间的推移而增加，到 39 周时，在拖曳物（81.25%；P<0.0001）、蛋带灰尘（100.00%；P<0.0001）和墙壁灰尘拭子（100.00%；P<0.0001）中达到最大回收量。这种 SE 高回收率发生在 US 强制性 SE 环境监测开始之前，即 40 至 45 周龄。基于本研究，使用拖曳物和粪带刮刀拭子可有效检测无笼养鸡舍中的李斯特菌和弯曲杆菌。除了良好的虫害管理外，还可以监测和减少蛋鸡群中的病原体。