Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Anatomy, Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Dec 15;2022:1784572. doi: 10.1155/2022/1784572. eCollection 2022.
This study investigated the thickness of the deltoid muscle and the location of the anterior branch of the axillary nerve (AAN) and posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA), with the goal of maximizing the effectiveness of deltoid injections. Forty specimens from 22 adult Korean cadavers were used. A reference line was identified, connecting the anterior point of the deltoid muscle (AP) and the posterior point of the deltoid muscle (PP) on the surface. The midpoint between the AP and PP was used as the origin point (OP). The line connecting the OP and the lowest point of the deltoid tuberosity (DP) was used as the -axis. The mean distance of the reference line from the AP to PP was 4.7 ± 0.7 cm. The vertical mean length of the deltoid muscle from the OP and DP was 16.1 ± 1.0 cm. At the 3, 5, and 7 cm sites, the thickness of the deltoid muscle was 0.62 ± 0.9, 0.73 ± 0.7, and 1.3 ± 1.1 cm, respectively. Most of the branches of the axillary nerve were concentrated in the third section (4-6 cm, 51%), while the branches of the PCHA were predominantly found in the fourth section (6-8 cm, 69%). The peripheral branches of the AAN entering the muscle were distributed between 2.2 and 9.8 cm from the acromion. The mean number of the peripheral branches of the AAN was 9.6 ± 3.4. In the deltoid muscle, the mean number of peripheral branches of the PCHA was 8.2 ± 2.8. Administering deltoid injections 5-6 cm below the OP is recommended to avoid axillary nerve injury.
本研究旨在探讨三角肌的厚度以及腋神经前支（AAN）和旋肱后动脉（PCHA）的位置，以提高三角肌注射的效果。使用 22 具韩国成年尸体的 40 个标本进行研究。在体表确定一条参考线，连接三角肌前点（AP）和三角肌后点（PP）。AP 和 PP 之间的中点作为起点（OP）。连接 OP 和三角肌粗隆最低点（DP）的线作为 - 轴。参考线从 AP 到 PP 的平均距离为 4.7 ± 0.7 cm。OP 和 DP 之间三角肌的垂直平均长度为 16.1 ± 1.0 cm。在 3、5 和 7 cm 处，三角肌的厚度分别为 0.62 ± 0.9、0.73 ± 0.7 和 1.3 ± 1.1 cm。腋神经的大部分分支集中在第三段（4-6 cm，51%），而 PCHA 的分支主要位于第四段（6-8 cm，69%）。进入肌肉的 AAN 外周分支分布在肩峰下 2.2-9.8 cm 处。AAN 外周分支的平均数量为 9.6 ± 3.4。在三角肌中，PCHA 的外周分支的平均数量为 8.2 ± 2.8。建议在 OP 下方 5-6 cm 处进行三角肌注射，以避免腋神经损伤。
