North-south regional differential decomposition and spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of China's industrial green total factor productivity.

"Green development" has become the way for countries around the world to strengthen industries, and it is an important part of China's high-quality economic development. The key for China to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental management is to optimize green total factor productivity (GTFP). This paper measures the GTFP of industry in 30 provinces of China from 2003 to 2019, based on the perspective of energy and carbon emission constraints. It empirically examines the spatial disequilibrium and dynamic evolution of industrial GTFP in China using Dagum Gini coefficients, Kernel density estimation, and Markov chain analysis. The study finds that, (1) although China's industrial GTFP is not high, it shows an increasing trend. The industrial GTFP in the southern region is higher than that in the northern region. (2) Technical efficiency is the shortcoming of China's industrial GTFP improvement. Technological progress is the main driving force of China's industrial GTFP improvement. (3) The relative and absolute differences in China'' industrial GTFP, technical efficiency, and technological progress have all shown a widening trend. Regional differences between the southern and northern regions are the main source of relative differences in industrial GTFP, technical efficiency, and technological progress. (4) China's industrial GTFP shows a clear "club convergence" phenomenon and the "Matthew effect." However, after the introduction of the spatial factor, the "club convergence" phenomenon and the "Matthew effect" have weakened. The driving effect of industrial GTFP on neighboring provinces is stronger in the south than in the north. This paper enriches the analysis of industrial GTFP and provides an important basis for the coordinated regional development of Chinese industry.