Sun Yanfeng, Liu Zhi, Xia Wei, He Zhenyu, Wan Yanjian
Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, People's Republic of China.
Jiangxia District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(13):37598-37606. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-24802-y. Epub 2022 Dec 27.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a ubiquitous environmental persistent organic pollutant and a Group 1 carcinogen. Human exposure level of PCP was reported to be relatively higher in China than in many other countries, because sodium pentachlorophenate was abused as molluscicide in China. PCP can induce oxidative stress; however, the relationship of PCP exposure with oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) in human beings has rarely been documented. In this study, 404 first-morning urine samples (including repeated samples in three days donated by 74 participants) were collected from 128 healthy adults (general population without occupational exposure to PCP) in autumn and winter of 2018, respectively, in Wuhan, central China. Urinary concentrations of PCP and three select OSBs [including 8-OHG (abbreviation of 8-hydroxy-guanosine), 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and 4-HNEMA (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal mercapturic acid), which reflect oxidative damage of RNA, DNA, and lipid, respectively] were determined. PCP was detectable in 100% of the urine samples (specific gravity-adjusted median concentration: 0.44 ng/mL; range: 0.02-14.2 ng/mL). Interday reproducibility of urinary PCP concentrations was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.88) in three days. Significant differences in PCP concentrations were found among different age groups; the group of participants aged 20-45 y (median: 0.72 ng/mL) had higher concentrations than those in the elders (aged 45-60 y and > 60 y). Spatial disparity was observed in autumn, and urban residents had higher PCP concentrations than rural residents (median: 0.60 vs. 0.31 ng/mL), whereas such disparity was not found in winter. There were no season-, sex-, or BMI-related differences between the corresponding subgroups. The urinary PCP concentrations were found to be associated with increases in 8-OHdG and 8-OHG rather than 4-HNEMA. An interquartile range increase in urinary PCP concentration was associated with a 23.5% (95% CI: 9.18-39.6) increase in 8-OHdG and a 21.3% (95% CI: 9.18-32.4) increase in 8-OHG, implied that PCP exposure at environmental relevant dose might be associated with nucleic acid oxidative damage in the general population. This pilot study reported associations between PCP exposure and OSBs in human beings. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mediating roles of OSBs in the association between PCP exposure and certain adverse health outcomes.
五氯苯酚（PCP）是一种普遍存在的环境持久性有机污染物，属于1类致癌物。据报道，中国人体PCP暴露水平相对高于许多其他国家，因为五氯酚钠在中国被滥用作杀螺剂。PCP可诱导氧化应激；然而，PCP暴露与人类氧化应激生物标志物（OSBs）之间的关系鲜有文献记载。本研究于2018年秋冬分别在中国中部武汉的128名健康成年人（无职业性PCP暴露的普通人群）中收集了404份晨尿样本（包括74名参与者三天内的重复样本）。测定了尿中PCP和三种选定的OSBs的浓度[包括8-OHG（8-羟基鸟苷的缩写）、8-OHdG（8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷）和4-HNEMA（4-羟基-2-壬烯酸巯基尿酸），它们分别反映RNA、DNA和脂质的氧化损伤]。100%的尿样中可检测到PCP（比重校正后的中位数浓度：0.44 ng/mL；范围：0.02 - 14.2 ng/mL）。尿中PCP浓度的日间重现性在三天内极佳（组内相关系数：0.88）。不同年龄组的PCP浓度存在显著差异；20 - 45岁组（中位数：0.72 ng/mL）的浓度高于老年人（45 - 60岁及>60岁）。秋季观察到空间差异，城市居民的PCP浓度高于农村居民（中位数：0.60 vs. 0.31 ng/mL），而冬季未发现这种差异。相应亚组之间在季节、性别或BMI方面无差异。发现尿中PCP浓度与8-OHdG和8-OHG的增加有关，而非与4-HNEMA有关。尿中PCP浓度每增加一个四分位数间距，8-OHdG增加23.5%（95%CI：9.18 - 39.6），8-OHG增加21.3%（95%CI：9.18 - 32.4），这意味着环境相关剂量的PCP暴露可能与普通人群的核酸氧化损伤有关。这项初步研究报告了人类PCP暴露与OSBs之间的关联。未来需要开展研究以阐明OSBs在PCP暴露与某些不良健康结局之间关联中的中介作用。
