Awais Muhammad, Zhao Jie, Cheng Xiangrui, Ghaffar Khoso Abdul, Ju Meng, Ur Rehman Zia, Iqbal Aamir, Rameez Khan Muhammad, Chen Wen, Liu Maxinzhi, Ma Xinyao, Wang Lin, Liu Wei, Du Zhimin, Sun Mudi, Zhang Gensheng, Kang Zhensheng, Ali Sajid
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Fungal Genet Biol. 2023 Jan;164:103753. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103753. Epub 2022 Nov 26.
The wheat yellow rust pathogen has been shown to be diverse and potentially originated in the Himalayan region. Although Himalayan populations of Pakistan, Nepal and Bhutan have been previously compared, little is known about the relative divergence and diversity in Puccinia striiformis populations in the bordering regions of Pakistan and China. To assess the relative diversity and divergence in these regions of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, Hazara and Azad Jammu Kashmir) and China (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan), a total of 1245 samples were genotyped using 17 microsatellite SSR markers. A clear divergence was observed between the bordering regions of Pakistan and China (F = 0.28) without any resampling of genetic groups and multilocus genotypes across two sides of the Himalayan mountains. The closest subpopulations across the two countries were Xinjiang and Gilgit-Baltistan (Nei's distance = 0.147), which were close geographically. A very high diversity and recombinant population structure was observed in both populations, though slightly higher in China (Genotypic diversity = 0.970; r¯d = 0.000) than in Pakistan (Genotypic diversity = 0.902; r¯d = 0.065). The distribution of genetic groups and resampling of MLGs revealed more gene flow across Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan regions in China, while between Hazara and Azad-Jammu Kashmir in Pakistan. The lack of gene flow between Pakistan and China populations is due to geographical barriers and a large patch of land without wheat. The information on the relative diversity and divergence in different geographical zones of the pathogen center of diversity and neighboring region should be considered in resistant wheat deployment while considering the invasion potential of the pathogen at regional and global contexts.
小麦条锈病菌已被证明具有多样性，其可能起源于喜马拉雅地区。尽管此前已对巴基斯坦、尼泊尔和不丹的喜马拉雅种群进行过比较，但对于巴基斯坦和中国接壤地区条锈菌种群的相对差异和多样性却知之甚少。为评估巴基斯坦（吉尔吉特 - 巴尔蒂斯坦、哈扎拉和查谟和克什米尔自由邦）和中国（新疆、青海、西藏、四川、贵州和云南）这些地区的相对多样性和差异，使用17个微卫星SSR标记对总共1245个样本进行了基因分型。在巴基斯坦和中国的接壤地区观察到明显的差异（F = 0.28），且喜马拉雅山脉两侧的遗传群体和多位点基因型没有任何重新采样现象。两国最接近的亚种群是地理位置相近的新疆和吉尔吉特 - 巴尔蒂斯坦（内氏距离 = 0.147）。在这两个种群中均观察到非常高的多样性和重组种群结构，不过中国种群（基因型多样性 = 0.970；r¯d = 0.000）的多样性略高于巴基斯坦种群（基因型多样性 = 0.902；r¯d = 0.065）。遗传群体的分布和MLG的重新采样显示，中国云南、贵州和四川地区之间以及巴基斯坦哈扎拉和查谟和克什米尔自由邦之间有更多的基因流动。巴基斯坦和中国种群之间缺乏基因流动是由于地理障碍以及大片没有小麦的土地。在考虑病原体在区域和全球范围内的入侵潜力时，在部署抗性小麦时应考虑病原体多样性中心及其邻近地区不同地理区域的相对多样性和差异信息。
