Wicaksono Ardilasunu, van den Borne Bart H P, Steeneveld Wilma, van Werven Tine, Hogeveen Henk
Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Division, Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia.
Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Prev Vet Med. 2023 Feb;211:105832. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105832. Epub 2022 Dec 26.
This ecological study aimed to associate hormone use for reproductive diseases and heat induction with reproductive performance at herd level. Hormone use, herd characteristics, and test-day recording data were obtained from 754 representative Dutch dairy farms belonging to five large veterinary practices from 2017 to 2019 (1679 observations in total). Hormone use was classified into prostaglandin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and progesterone, and was expressed at herd level as the annual number of hormone doses per 100 adult dairy cows. Hormone use was categorized into four levels (no usage, low, medium, and high use), following the 33rd and 66th percentiles of herds that applied them. Three herd-level reproductive performance indicators (calving interval, calving-to-1st insemination interval, number of inseminations per cow) were analyzed using multivariable General Estimating Equations models. The median annual total hormone use was 36.1 (mean=43.1; min=0.0; max=248.2) doses per 100 adult dairy cows in all herds while the median was 39.2 (mean=46.8; min=0.4; max=248.2) doses per 100 adult dairy cows among the user-herds. The median annual group-specific hormone use was 21.3 (mean=26.1; min 0.0; max=180.0), 11.0 (mean=15.3; min=0.0; max=127.0) and 0.0 (mean=1.8; min=0.0; max=40.3) doses per 100 adult dairy cows for prostaglandin, GnRH, and progesterone, respectively. The final statistical models identified that herds with a high hormone use had a calving interval and a calving-to-1st insemination interval that was 9.3 ± 2.6 and 16.4 ± 2.1 days shorter than that of non-user herds (424.0 ± 2.7 and 114.0 ± 2.1 days), respectively. Furthermore, high-user herds needed on average 0.3 ± 0.04 inseminations more to get their cows pregnant compared to non-user herds (1.83 ± 0.04 no. of inseminations per cow). Medium-user herds had a 6.5 ± 2.6 days shorter calving interval and a 12.0 ± 2.1 days shorter calving-to-1st insemination interval with 0.2 ± 0.04 additional inseminations per cow compared to non-user herds. Low-user herds had a 6.2 ± 2.7 days shorter calving interval and a 7.9 ± 2.2 days shorter calving-to-1st insemination interval compared to non-user herds. The model produced the same trend for prostaglandin and GnRH use, with the higher use being associated with a shorter calving interval, a shorter calving-to-1st insemination interval, and a higher insemination per cow number. For progesterone use the opposite effect was observed. In conclusion, using a large representative herd-level dataset, hormone use was associated with a better reproductive performance in terms of calving interval and calving-to-1st insemination interval but gave extra average number of inseminations per cow. It should be monitored how reproduction performance changes when striving for a more prudent hormone use.
本生态研究旨在探讨用于生殖疾病和诱导发情的激素使用与畜群水平的繁殖性能之间的关联。2017年至2019年期间，从隶属于五大兽医诊所的754个具有代表性的荷兰奶牛场获取了激素使用情况、畜群特征及测定日记录数据（共计1679条观测数据）。激素使用分为前列腺素、促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）和孕酮，并以每100头成年奶牛每年的激素剂量数在畜群水平上表示。激素使用按照使用激素的畜群的第33和第66百分位数分为四个水平（不使用、低、中、高使用）。使用多变量广义估计方程模型分析了三个畜群水平的繁殖性能指标（产犊间隔、产犊至首次输精间隔、每头奶牛的输精次数）。所有畜群中，每100头成年奶牛每年激素使用总量的中位数为36.1（均值=43.1；最小值=0.0；最大值=248.2）剂，而在使用激素的畜群中，每100头成年奶牛每年激素使用总量的中位数为39.2（均值=46.8；最小值=0.4；最大值=248.2）剂。每100头成年奶牛每年特定激素的使用中位数分别为：前列腺素21.3（均值=26.1；最小值=0.0；最大值=180.0）剂、GnRH 11.0（均值=15.3；最小值=0.0；最大值=127.0）剂、孕酮0.0（均值=1.8；最小值=0.0；最大值=40.3）剂。最终的统计模型表明，激素高使用量的畜群的产犊间隔和产犊至首次输精间隔分别比不使用激素的畜群短9.3±2.6天和16.4±2.1天（分别为424.0±2.7天和114.0±2.1天）。此外，与不使用激素的畜群相比，激素高使用量的畜群使奶牛怀孕平均每头需要多0.3±0.04次输精（每头奶牛输精次数为1.83±0.04次）。激素中使用量的畜群的产犊间隔比不使用激素的畜群短6.5±2.6天，产犊至首次输精间隔短12.0±2.1天，每头奶牛额外输精0.2±0.04次。激素低使用量的畜群的产犊间隔比不使用激素与激素低使用量的畜群短6.2±2.7天，产犊至首次输精间隔短7.9±2.2天。该模型对前列腺素和GnRH的使用呈现相同趋势，即使用量越高，产犊间隔越短、产犊至首次输精间隔越短、每头奶牛的输精次数越多。对于孕酮的使用则观察到相反的效果。总之，使用一个大型的具有代表性的畜群水平数据集，激素使用在产犊间隔和产犊至首次输精间隔方面与更好的繁殖性能相关，但每头奶牛的平均输精次数增加。在努力更谨慎地使用激素时，应监测繁殖性能如何变化。
