道路上反复进行有条件自动驾驶:驾驶员如何随着时间的推移而退出循环?

Repeated conditionally automated driving on the road: How do drivers leave the loop over time?

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; BMW Group Research and Development, Munich, Germany.

Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

出版信息

Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Mar;181:106927. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106927. Epub 2022 Dec 28.

Abstract

The goal of this on the road driving study was to investigate how drivers adapt their behavior when driving with conditional vehicle automation (SAE L3) on different occasions. Specifically, we focused on changes in how fast drivers took over control from automation and how their gaze off the road changed over time. On each of three consecutive days, 21 participants drove for 50 min, in a conditionally automated vehicle (Wizard of Oz methodology), on a typical German commuting highway. Over these rides the take-over behavior and gaze behavior were analyzed. The data show that drivers' reactions to non-critical, system initiated, take-overs took about 5.62 s and did not change within individual rides, but on average became 0.72 s faster over the three rides. After these self-paced take-over requests a final urgent take-over request was issued at the end of the third ride. In this scenario participants took over rapidly with an average of 5.28 s. This urgent take-over time was not found to be different from the self-paced take-over requests in the same ride. Regarding gaze behavior, participants' overall longest glance off the road and the percentage of time looked off the road increased within each ride, but stayed stable over the three rides. Taken together, our results suggest that drivers regularly leave the loop by gazing off the road, but multiple exposures to take-over situations in automated driving allow drivers to come back into loop faster.

摘要

本道路驾驶研究的目的是调查驾驶员在不同情况下使用有条件车辆自动化(SAE L3)时如何调整其行为。具体而言,我们专注于驾驶员从自动化接管控制的速度以及他们的目光在一段时间内如何变化的变化。在连续三天的每一天,21 名参与者在一条典型的德国通勤高速公路上,使用条件自动化车辆(绿野仙踪方法)驾驶 50 分钟。在这些骑行过程中,分析了接管行为和注视行为。数据显示,驾驶员对非关键、系统发起的接管的反应大约需要 5.62 秒,并且在单个骑行过程中不会改变,但在三次骑行过程中平均快 0.72 秒。在这些自主接管请求之后,在第三次骑行的最后发出了最终紧急接管请求。在这种情况下,参与者平均以 5.28 秒的速度快速接管。在同一骑行中,这个紧急接管时间与自主接管请求没有区别。关于注视行为,参与者的整体最长目光离开道路和目光离开道路的时间百分比在每次骑行中都增加,但在三次骑行中保持稳定。总的来说,我们的结果表明,驾驶员经常通过注视道路离开环路,但在自动化驾驶中多次接触接管情况可以使驾驶员更快地回到环路中。

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