National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona,Spain.
Sport, Exercise, and Human Movement (SEaHM) Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic,Spain.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 Dec 31;18(2):148-156. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0292. Print 2023 Feb 1.
PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of specific-joint isometric strength training on serve velocity (SV), serve accuracy (SA), and force-time curve variables. METHODS: Sixteen young competition tennis players were divided into an intervention (n = 10) or control group (n = 6). SV, SA, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, peak rate of force development, rate of force development, and impulse (IMP) at different time frames while performing a shoulder internal rotation (SHIR) or flexion were tested at weeks 0, 3, and 6. RESULTS: The intervention group showed significant increases in SV from pretest to posttest (7.0%, effect size [ES] = 0.87) and no variations in SA. Moreover, the intervention group showed significant increases from pretest to posttest in shoulder-flexion rate of force development at 150 (30.4%, ES = 2.44), 200 (36.5%, ES = 1.26), and 250 ms (43.7%, ES = 1.67) and in SHIR IMP at 150 (35.7%, ES = 1.18), 200 (33.4%, ES = 1.19), and 250 ms (35.6%, ES = 1.08). Furthermore, significant increases were found in shoulder-flexion rate of force development from intertest to posttest at 150 ms (24.5%, ES = 1.07) and in SHIR IMP at 150 (13.5%, ES = 0.90), 200 (19.1%, ES = 0.98), and 250 ms (27.2%, ES = 1.16). SHIR IMP changes from pretest to intertest were found at 150 ms (25.6%, ES = 1.04). The control group did not show changes in any of the tested variables. CONCLUSIONS: Six weeks of upper-limb specific-joint isometric strength training alongside habitual technical-tactical workouts results in significant increases in SV without SA detriment in young tennis players.
目的：评估 6 周特定关节等长力量训练对发球速度（SV）、发球准确性（SA）和力时曲线变量的影响。 方法：将 16 名年轻的竞技网球运动员分为干预组（n = 10）和对照组（n = 6）。在第 0、3 和 6 周时，分别测试进行肩部内旋（SHIR）或前屈时不同时间框架下的 SV、SA、最大自主等长收缩、峰值力发展率、力发展率和冲量（IMP）。 结果：干预组从预测试到后测试 SV 显著增加（7.0%，效应量[ES] = 0.87），SA 无变化。此外，干预组从预测试到后测试，肩部前屈力发展率在 150ms（30.4%，ES = 2.44）、200ms（36.5%，ES = 1.26）和 250ms（43.7%，ES = 1.67）以及 SHIR IMP 在 150ms（35.7%，ES = 1.18）、200ms（33.4%，ES = 1.19）和 250ms（35.6%，ES = 1.08）均显著增加。此外，在 150ms 时，从间测试到后测试，肩部前屈力发展率（24.5%，ES = 1.07）和 SHIR IMP 在 150ms（13.5%，ES = 0.90）、200ms（19.1%，ES = 0.98）和 250ms（27.2%，ES = 1.16）均显著增加。在 150ms 时，从预测试到间测试，SHIR IMP 的变化为 25.6%（ES = 1.04）。对照组在任何测试变量中均未显示变化。 结论：在进行常规技术战术训练的同时，进行 6 周的上肢特定关节等长力量训练，可使年轻网球运动员的 SV 显著增加，而不会损害 SA。
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