Bui Khuynh The, Naruse Toshiya, Yoshida Hideki, Toda Yusuke, Omori Yoshihiro, Tsuda Mai, Kaga Akito, Yamasaki Yuji, Tsujimoto Hisashi, Ichihashi Yasunori, Hirai Masami, Fujiwara Toru, Iwata Hiroyoshi, Matsuoka Makoto, Takahashi Hirokazu, Nakazono Mikio
Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Dec 14;13:1047563. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047563. eCollection 2022.
Increasing the water use efficiency of crops is an important agricultural goal closely related to the root system -the primary plant organ for water and nutrient acquisition. In an attempt to evaluate the response of root growth and development of soybean to water supply levels, 200 genotypes were grown in a sandy field for 3 years under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, and 14 root traits together with shoot fresh weight and plant height were investigated. Three-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of treatments and years on growth of plants, accounting for more than 80% of the total variability. The response of roots to irrigation was consistent over the years as most root traits were improved by irrigation. However, the actual values varied between years because the growth of plants was largely affected by the field microclimatic conditions (i.e., temperature, sunshine duration, and precipitation). Therefore, the best linear unbiased prediction values for each trait were calculated using the original data. Principal component analysis showed that most traits contributed to principal component (PC) 1, whereas average diameter, the ratio of thin and medium thickness root length to total root length contributed to PC2. Subsequently, we focused on selecting genotypes that exhibited significant improvements in root traits under irrigation than under non-irrigated conditions using the increment (I-index) and relative increment (RI-index) indices calculated for all traits. Finally, we screened for genotypes with high stability and root growth over the 3 years using the multi-trait selection index (MTSI).Six genotypes namely, GmJMC130, GmWMC178, GmJMC092, GmJMC068, GmWMC075, and GmJMC081 from the top 10% of genotypes scoring MTSI less than the selection threshold of 7.04 and 4.11 under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, respectively, were selected. The selected genotypes have great potential for breeding cultivars with improved water usage abilities, meeting the goal of water-saving agriculture.
提高作物水分利用效率是一项与根系密切相关的重要农业目标，根系是植物获取水分和养分的主要器官。为了评估大豆根系生长发育对供水水平的响应，200个基因型在沙质田地中于灌溉和非灌溉条件下种植了3年，并对14个根系性状以及地上部鲜重和株高进行了调查。三因素方差分析表明，处理和年份对植株生长有显著影响，占总变异的80%以上。多年来根系对灌溉的响应是一致的，因为大多数根系性状通过灌溉得到改善。然而，实际值因年份而异，因为植株生长在很大程度上受田间微气候条件（即温度、日照时长和降水量）的影响。因此，使用原始数据计算了每个性状的最佳线性无偏预测值。主成分分析表明，大多数性状对主成分（PC）1有贡献，而平均直径、细根和中根长度与总根长度的比值对PC2有贡献。随后，我们使用为所有性状计算的增量（I指数）和相对增量（RI指数）指标，重点筛选在灌溉条件下比非灌溉条件下根系性状有显著改善的基因型。最后，我们使用多性状选择指数（MTSI）筛选出在3年中具有高稳定性和根系生长的基因型。从MTSI得分前10%的基因型中选出了6个基因型，分别为GmJMC130、GmWMC178、GmJMC092、GmJMC068、GmWMC075和GmJMC081，在灌溉和非灌溉条件下，它们的MTSI分别低于选择阈值即7.04和4.11。所选基因型在培育具有提高水分利用能力的品种方面具有巨大潜力，符合节水农业的目标。
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