Ray Animesh, Aayilliath K Adarsh, Banerjee Sayantan, Chakrabarti Arunaloke, Denning David W
Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Dec 26;9(12):ofac603. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac603. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Fungal disease is frequent in India, but its incidence and prevalence are unclear. This review aims at defining the frequency or burden of various fungal infections in India.
A systematic review of the literature on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (WOS) databases was conducted using appropriate search strings. Deterministic modeling determined annual incidence and prevalence estimates for multiple life- and sight-threatening infections with significant morbidity.
Literature searches yielded >2900 papers; 434 papers with incidence/prevalence/proportion data were analyzed. An estimated 57 251 328 of the 1 393 400 000 people in India (4.1%) suffer from a serious fungal disease. The prevalence (in millions) of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is 24.3, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is 2.0, tinea capitis in school-age children is 25, severe asthma with fungal sensitization is 1.36, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is 1.74, and chronic fungal rhinosinusitis is 1.52. The annual incidence rates of pneumonia (58 400), invasive aspergillosis (250 900), mucormycosis (195 000), esophageal candidiasis in HIV (266 600), candidemia (188 000), fungal keratitis (1 017 100), and cryptococcal meningitis (11 500) were also determined. Histoplasmosis, talaromycosis, mycetoma, and chromoblastomycosis were less frequent.
India's fungal burden is high and underappreciated in clinical practice.
真菌病在印度很常见，但其发病率和患病率尚不清楚。本综述旨在确定印度各种真菌感染的频率或负担。
使用适当的检索词对PubMed、Embase和科学网（WOS）数据库中的文献进行系统综述。确定性建模确定了多种危及生命和视力且具有显著发病率的感染的年发病率和患病率估计值。
文献检索得到>2900篇论文；分析了434篇有发病率/患病率/比例数据的论文。印度13.934亿人口中估计有57251328人（4.1%）患有严重真菌病。复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的患病率（以百万计）为2430万，变应性支气管肺曲霉病为174万，学龄儿童头癣为2500万，真菌致敏的重度哮喘为136万，慢性肺曲霉病为174万，慢性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎为152万。还确定了肺炎（58400例）、侵袭性曲霉病（250900例）、毛霉病（195000例）、HIV患者食管念珠菌病（266600例）、念珠菌血症（188000例）、真菌性角膜炎（1017100例）和隐球菌性脑膜炎（11500例）的年发病率。组织胞浆菌病、马拉色菌病、足菌肿和着色芽生菌病较少见。
印度的真菌负担很高，在临床实践中未得到充分重视。
