Chen Tingting, Ma Jiaying, Xu Chunmei, Jiang Ning, Li Guangyan, Fu Weimeng, Feng Baohua, Wang Danying, Wu Zhihai, Tao Longxing, Fu Guanfu
National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Dec 19;13:1035027. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035027. eCollection 2022.
Heat stress during the reproductive stage results in major losses in yield and quality, which might be mainly caused by an energy imbalance. However, how energy status affected heat response, yield and quality remains unclear. No relationships were observed among the heat resistance, yield, and quality of the forty-nine early rice cultivars under normal temperature conditions. However, two cultivars, Zhuliangyou30 (ZLY30) and Luliangyou35 (LLY35), differing in heat resistance, yield, and quality were detected. The yield was higher and the chalkiness degree was lower in ZLY30 than in LLY35. Decreases in yields and increases in the chalkiness degree with temperatures were more pronounced in LLY35 than in ZLY30. The accumulation and allocation (ratio of the panicle to the whole plant) of dry matter weight and non-structural carbohydrates were higher in ZLY30 than in LLY35 across all sowing times and temperatures. The accumulation and allocation of dry matter weight and non-structural carbohydrates in panicles were higher in ZLY30 than in LLY35. Similar patterns were observed in the relative expression levels of sucrose unloading related genes and in grains. The ATP content was higher in the grains of LLY35 than in ZLY30, whereas the ATPase activity, which determined the energy status, was significantly lower in the former than in the latter. Thus, increased ATPase activity, which improved the energy status of rice, was the factor mediating the balance among heat-resistance, high-yield, and high-quality traits in rice.
生殖阶段的热胁迫会导致产量和品质大幅下降，这可能主要是由能量失衡引起的。然而，能量状态如何影响热响应、产量和品质仍不清楚。在常温条件下，未观察到49个早稻品种的耐热性、产量和品质之间存在相关性。然而，检测到两个品种，株两优30（ZLY30）和陆两优35（LLY35），它们在耐热性、产量和品质方面存在差异。ZLY30的产量高于LLY35，垩白度低于LLY35。随着温度升高，LLY35的产量下降和垩白度增加比ZLY30更明显。在所有播种时间和温度条件下，ZLY30的干物质重量和非结构性碳水化合物的积累与分配（穗与全株的比例）均高于LLY35。ZLY30穗中干物质重量和非结构性碳水化合物的积累与分配高于LLY35。在蔗糖卸载相关基因的相对表达水平以及籽粒中也观察到类似模式。LLY35籽粒中的ATP含量高于ZLY30，而决定能量状态的ATP酶活性，前者显著低于后者。因此，提高水稻能量状态的ATP酶活性增加，是介导水稻耐热性、高产和优质性状之间平衡的因素。
