Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(7):16878-16904. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-24788-7. Epub 2023 Jan 5.
Geotechnical infrastructures, like slopes and embankments, retaining walls, foundations, engineered landfills, overburden dumps, and pavements, get continuously exposed to various environmental factors which are climate dependent. Fate/stability of these infrastructures due to extreme and abrupt change in precipitation, temperatures, humidity, and wind/airflow is quite questionable. Some of the issues related to climate change on soils include increase in infiltration rate, high pore-water pressure, decrease in effective stress, soil liquefaction, seepage failures, frost heaving, changes in soil suction potential, swelling and shrinkage in fine-grained soils, differential settlement, and damage to vegetation cover and thereby causing slope failures, waterlogged conditions, floods, soil erosion and/or internal erosion of fines, damage to landfill liners and soil covers, desertification, desiccation cracks on the ground surface, and groundwater table pollution due to contaminant migration. Therefore, studies on the impact of climate change on geotechnical infrastructures have gained attention of many researchers in the recent times. In present study, an up-to-date review of the works related to the influence of various climatic factors on geotechnical properties and thereby on geotechnical projects is carried out. Topics related to climate data downscaling using global climate models (GCM), climate change-induced slope instability, acid rains, desiccation cracking in soils with changing temperatures, impacts of dry-wet cycles and freeze-thaw cycles, and vegetation effects on soils are emphasized in this paper. Furthermore, to address the challenges, need-based research related to resilient infrastructures, thermo-hydro-mechanical models, bioremediation methods, innovative sustainable composite materials, and incorporation of climatic factors in design is highlighted and discussed.
岩土基础设施，如边坡和路堤、挡土墙、基础、工程垃圾填埋场、覆盖层倾倒场和路面，不断受到各种环境因素的影响，这些因素取决于气候。由于降水、温度、湿度和风/气流的极端和突然变化，这些基础设施的稳定性和命运是值得怀疑的。与土壤有关的气候变化问题包括：入渗率增加、高孔隙水压力、有效应力降低、土壤液化、渗流破坏、冻胀、土壤吸力潜力变化、细粒土的膨胀和收缩、差异沉降以及植被覆盖物的破坏，从而导致边坡失稳、水涝、洪水、土壤侵蚀和/或细粒土的内部侵蚀、垃圾填埋场衬垫和土壤覆盖物的破坏、荒漠化、地表干燥裂缝以及由于污染物迁移而导致的地下水位污染。因此，气候变化对岩土基础设施的影响研究引起了许多研究人员的关注。在本研究中，对与各种气候因素对岩土特性以及对岩土工程的影响有关的工作进行了最新的综述。本文重点介绍了与以下内容相关的主题：利用全球气候模型（GCM）进行气候数据降尺度、气候变化引起的边坡失稳、酸雨、随温度变化的土壤干燥裂缝、干湿循环和冻融循环的影响以及植被对土壤的影响。此外，为了应对挑战，本文强调并讨论了与弹性基础设施、热-水-力学模型、生物修复方法、创新的可持续复合材料以及在设计中纳入气候因素相关的基于需求的研究。
