Zhang Chuanlun, Shi Tuo, Liu Jihua, He Zhili, Thomas Helmuth, Dong Hailiang, Rinkevich Buki, Wang Yuze, Hyun Jung-Ho, Weinbauer Markus, López-Abbate Celeste, Tu Qichao, Xie Shucheng, Yamashita Youhei, Tishchenko Pavel, Chen Quanrui, Zhang Rui, Jiao Nianzhi
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Geo-Omics Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
Sci Bull (Beijing). 2022 Dec 31;67(24):2564-2573. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.11.016. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
The goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the next 30-40 years is approaching worldwide consensus and requires coordinated efforts to combat the increasing threat of climate change. Two main sets of actions have been proposed to address this grand goal. One is to reduce anthropogenic CO emissions to the atmosphere, and the other is to increase carbon sinks or negative emissions, i.e., removing CO from the atmosphere. Here we advocate eco-engineering approaches for ocean negative carbon emission (ONCE), aiming to enhance carbon sinks in the marine environment. An international program is being established to promote coordinated efforts in developing ONCE-relevant strategies and methodologies, taking into consideration ecological/biogeochemical processes and mechanisms related to different forms of carbon (inorganic/organic, biotic/abiotic, particulate/dissolved) for sequestration. We focus on marine ecosystem-based approaches and pay special attention to mechanisms that require transformative research, including those elucidating interactions between the biological pump (BP), the microbial carbon pump (MCP), and microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Eutrophic estuaries, hypoxic and anoxic waters, coral reef ecosystems, as well as aquaculture areas are particularly considered in the context of efforts to increase their capacity as carbon sinks. ONCE approaches are thus expected to be beneficial for both carbon sequestration and alleviation of environmental stresses.
在未来30至40年内实现碳中和的目标正逐渐达成全球共识，这需要各方协同努力应对日益严峻的气候变化威胁。为实现这一宏伟目标，人们提出了两大类主要行动。一是减少人为向大气排放二氧化碳，二是增加碳汇或负排放，即从大气中去除二氧化碳。在此，我们倡导采用生态工程方法实现海洋负碳排放（ONCE），旨在增强海洋环境中的碳汇。目前正在建立一个国际项目，以促进各方协同努力，制定与海洋负碳排放相关的战略和方法，同时考虑与不同形式碳（无机/有机、生物/非生物、颗粒态/溶解态）封存相关的生态/生物地球化学过程和机制。我们专注于基于海洋生态系统的方法，并特别关注那些需要变革性研究的机制，包括阐明生物泵（BP）、微生物碳泵（MCP）和微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）之间相互作用的机制。在努力提高富营养化河口、缺氧和无氧水域、珊瑚礁生态系统以及养殖区作为碳汇的能力的背景下，这些区域受到了特别关注。因此，海洋负碳排放方法有望对碳封存和缓解环境压力都产生有益影响。
