School of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, Liaoning, China.
Key Laboratory of Mine Thermal Disaster and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Huludao, 125000, Liaoning, China.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 5;13(1):237. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27437-2.
A 1:10 scale model tunnel with a length, height and width of 9 m, 0.6 m and 0.8 m, respectively, was set up in this paper. A water curtain system was installed in the model to investigate the effect of water curtain systems on smoke flow and heat propagation. A reduced-scale experimental and theoretical study was carried out by varying the heat release rate of the fire source, the water curtain pressure, and the number of water curtain rows. A series of tests were carried out for various setups to quantify each mechanism of interaction between the water mist and hot smoke, to propose a method for qualitatively analysing water curtain systems blocking the propagation of heat radiation and the flow of smoke from combustion, and to propose a method for predicting heat fluxes. The study found that the pressure of the water curtain, the number of rows, and the heat release rate of the fire source all had an effect on the smoke blocking effect of the water curtain system. This effect decreased as the heat release rate of the fire source increased and increased significantly with the pressure of the water curtain and the number of rows. The smoke blocking effect was quantified using conservation of momentum by establishing a dimensionless parameter R to represent the ratio of water curtain momentum to smoke momentum, as well as the ratio of heat flux before and after the water curtain to represent the smoke blocking capacity [Formula: see text] of the water curtain. The smoke blockage rate [Formula: see text] ranges between 40 and 75%, and the smoke blockage rate increases as the momentum R increases. Finally, in tunnel fires, a predictive model for the attenuation of heat radiation by water curtains has been developed, providing theoretical support for the quantitative study of the smoke and thermal blockage effects of water curtains, which is beneficial to the protection of human life in confined spaces.
本文建立了一个 1:10 比例的隧道模型，其长度、高度和宽度分别为 9 米、0.6 米和 0.8 米。在模型中安装了水幕系统，以研究水幕系统对烟雾流动和热传播的影响。通过改变火源的热释放率、水幕压力和水幕排数，进行了缩小比例的实验和理论研究。针对各种设置进行了一系列测试，以量化水雾与热烟之间相互作用的每个机制，提出了一种定性分析水幕系统阻止热辐射传播和燃烧产生的烟雾流动的方法，并提出了一种预测热通量的方法。研究发现，水幕压力、排数和火源热释放率都对水幕系统的烟雾阻挡效果有影响。随着火源热释放率的增加，这种效果会降低，而随着水幕压力和排数的增加，效果会显著增加。通过建立一个无量纲参数 R 来表示水幕动量与烟雾动量的比值，以及水幕前后热通量的比值来表示水幕的烟雾阻挡能力[公式：见正文]，从而对烟雾阻挡效果进行量化。烟雾阻挡率[公式：见正文]在 40%至 75%之间，随着 R 的增加而增加。最后，在隧道火灾中，开发了水幕衰减热辐射的预测模型，为水幕的烟雾和热阻挡效果的定量研究提供了理论支持，这有利于保护封闭空间内的人类生命。
