Macular pigment and reduced foveal short-wavelength sensitivity in retinitis pigmentosa.

Some patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) show a reduced foveal short-wavelength sensitivity that cannot be attributed to a reduction in the sensitivity of the short-wavelength cone system. To determine whether an increased amount of macular pigment (xanthophyll) might account for this finding, we derived estimates of the two-way optical density of the macular pigment of five such RP patients as well as of five normals. The spectral reflectance of the foveal region of each subject was obtained from digitized images of the bleached fundus provided by a television-based reflectometer. The density spectra of the macular pigment, melanin, and oxygenated hemoglobin were fit by a least-squares procedure to the log of the ratio of parafoveal to foveal spectral reflectance in order to obtain a quantitative estimate of the contribution of each of these ocular pigments to foveal short-wavelength reflectance. By this analysis, the two-way densities of the macular pigment, melanin, and oxyhemoglobin of the RP patients were not significantly different from those of the normals. Therefore, the reduced foveal short-wavelength sensitivity of these patients was not due to an increased amount of macular pigment, but may result instead from morphological abnormalities in the foveal cones such that a normal amount of macular pigment screens the cones more effectively.