Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
Geriatrics Division, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research at Rockland Psychiatric Center, Orangeburg, NY.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2023 Jan 12;66(1):126-153. doi: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00274. Epub 2023 Jan 6.
This study examined spontaneous, spoken-to-a-model, and two sung modes in speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD), speakers with cerebellar disease (CD), and healthy controls. Vocal performance was measured by intelligibility scores and listeners' perceptual ratings.
Participants included speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to PD, those with ataxic dysarthria secondary to CD, and healthy speakers. Participants produced utterances in four vocal modes: spontaneous speech, spoken-to-a-model, sung-to-a-model, and spontaneous singing. For spoken-to-a-model and sung-to-a-model modes, written material was provided the model. For spontaneous singing, participants sang songs that they endorsed as familiar.
In Experiment I, listeners orthographically transcribed the audio samples of the first three vocal modes. In Experiment IIa, raters evaluated the accuracy of the pitch and rhythm of the spontaneous singing of familiar songs. Finally, familiar songs and sung-to-a-model utterances were rated on a competency scale by a second group of raters (Experiment IIb).
Results showed increases in intelligibility during the spoken-to-a-model mode compared with the spontaneous mode in both PD and CD groups. Singing enhanced the vocal output of speakers with PD more than in speakers with CD, as measured by percent intelligibility. PD participants' pitch and rhythm accuracy and competency in singing familiar songs was rated more favorably than those produced by CD participants.
The findings reveal a vocal task effect for spoken utterances in both groups. Sung exemplars, more impaired in CD, suggest a significant involvement of the cerebellum in singing.
本研究考察了帕金森病（PD）患者、小脑疾病（CD）患者和健康对照者的自发、对模型说话和两种歌唱模式。通过可理解度得分和听众的感知评价来测量声音表现。
参与者包括因 PD 导致运动障碍性构音障碍的患者、因 CD 导致共济失调性构音障碍的患者以及健康的演讲者。参与者以四种声音模式发声：自然言语、对模型说话、对模型歌唱和自发歌唱。对于对模型说话和对模型歌唱模式，为模型提供了书面材料。对于自发歌唱，参与者唱他们认可为熟悉的歌曲。
在实验 I 中，听众将前三种声音模式的音频样本进行正字法转录。在实验 IIa 中，评估者评估了熟悉歌曲的自发歌唱的音高和节奏的准确性。最后，通过第二组评估者（实验 IIb）对熟悉歌曲和对模型歌唱的话语进行能力量表评价。
结果表明，与 PD 和 CD 组的自发模式相比，对模型说话模式下的可理解度增加。歌唱模式比 CD 患者更能增强 PD 患者的发声输出，以可理解度百分比来衡量。PD 参与者的音高和节奏准确性以及演唱熟悉歌曲的能力比 CD 参与者的评价更高。
这些发现揭示了两组患者口语表达的声音任务效应。歌唱范例在 CD 中更受损，表明小脑在歌唱中具有重要作用。
