Gillespie Steven M, Jones Andrew, Garofalo Carlo
Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2023 Mar;100:102240. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102240. Epub 2022 Dec 13.
Psychopathy has traditionally been linked with heightened criminality, but the relationship of psychopathy with increased risk for dangerousness is contested. To address this debated issue, we conducted an umbrella review (PROSPERO CRD42020214761) of all available meta-analyses of psychopathy and indices of 'dangerousness' (e.g., violent or sexual recidivism, self-reported aggression). We searched PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus from inception to August 19, 2022, to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses on psychopathy and dangerousness. Our review included 33 studies, with the quantitative synthesis including 17 effect sizes extracted from 10 studies (N = ∼77,000 participants). Overall, we observed a pooled correlation coefficient r = 0.284 [95% CI = 0.233, 0.336] for the association of psychopathy with dangerousness (equivalent to Cohen's d = 0.592). Despite considerable heterogeneity (I = 89.9%), leave-one-out analyses had minimal impact. The effect was robust to examination of potential moderators such as study quality and sample ages. However, the relationship was stronger when psychopathy was assessed using self-report compared to clinical rating scales. The association should be interpreted as meaningful in both the short-term and the long-term and suggests that psychopathy is one of the strongest predictors of dangerousness in the realm of psychopathology.
传统上，精神病态与犯罪率升高有关，但精神病态与危险性增加之间的关系存在争议。为了解决这一有争议的问题，我们对所有现有的关于精神病态和“危险性”指标（如暴力或性犯罪再犯、自我报告的攻击性）的荟萃分析进行了一项综合评价（PROSPERO CRD42020214761）。我们检索了从数据库建立到2022年8月19日的PsycINFO、科学网、PubMed和Scopus，以识别关于精神病态和危险性的系统评价和荟萃分析。我们的评价纳入了33项研究，定量综合分析包括从10项研究中提取的17个效应量（N =约77,000名参与者）。总体而言，我们观察到精神病态与危险性之间关联的合并相关系数r = 0.284 [95%置信区间 = 0.233, 0.336]（相当于科恩d值 = 0.592）。尽管存在相当大的异质性（I² = 89.9%），逐一剔除分析的影响最小。该效应在检查潜在的调节因素（如研究质量和样本年龄）时具有稳健性。然而，与临床评定量表相比，使用自我报告评估精神病态时，这种关系更强。这种关联在短期和长期内都应被视为有意义的，这表明精神病态是精神病理学领域中危险性最强的预测因素之一。
