Kumar Ritik, Singh Divyangi, Srinivasan Kathiravan, Hu Yuh-Chung
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National ILan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Dec 27;11(1):81. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11010081.
Blockchain technology has been growing at a substantial growth rate over the last decade. Introduced as the backbone of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, it soon found its application in other fields because of its security and privacy features. Blockchain has been used in the healthcare industry for several purposes including secure data logging, transactions, and maintenance using smart contracts. Great work has been carried out to make blockchain smart, with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to combine the best features of the two technologies. This review incorporates the conceptual and functional aspects of the individual technologies and innovations in the domains of blockchain and artificial intelligence and lays down a strong foundational understanding of the domains individually and also rigorously discusses the various ways AI has been used along with blockchain to power the healthcare industry including areas of great importance such as electronic health record (EHR) management, distant-patient monitoring and telemedicine, genomics, drug research, and testing, specialized imaging and outbreak prediction. It compiles various algorithms from supervised and unsupervised machine learning problems along with deep learning algorithms such as convolutional/recurrent neural networks and numerous platforms currently being used in AI-powered blockchain systems and discusses their applications. The review also presents the challenges still faced by these systems which they inherit from the AI and blockchain algorithms used at the core of them and the scope of future work.
在过去十年中，区块链技术一直在以可观的速度增长。它最初作为比特币等加密货币的基础而被引入，由于其安全和隐私特性，很快就在其他领域得到了应用。区块链已在医疗行业用于多种目的，包括使用智能合约进行安全的数据记录、交易和维护。人们通过将人工智能（AI）集成以结合这两种技术的最佳特性，在使区块链智能化方面取得了巨大进展。本综述纳入了区块链和人工智能领域中各项技术及创新的概念和功能方面，对这些领域分别建立了坚实的基础理解，并且还严格讨论了人工智能与区块链一起用于推动医疗行业发展的各种方式，包括电子健康记录（EHR）管理、远程患者监测和远程医疗、基因组学、药物研究与测试、专业成像以及疫情预测等重要领域。它汇编了来自监督式和非监督式机器学习问题的各种算法以及诸如卷积/循环神经网络等深度学习算法，还有当前在人工智能驱动的区块链系统中使用的众多平台，并讨论了它们的应用。该综述还介绍了这些系统仍然面临的挑战，这些挑战源于它们核心所使用的人工智能和区块链算法，以及未来工作的范围。
