Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
Molecules. 2022 Dec 21;28(1):51. doi: 10.3390/molecules28010051.
Sulfonamides are the basic motifs for a whole generation of drugs from a large group of antibiotics. Currently, research in the field of the new sulfonamide synthesis has received a "second wind", due to the increase in the synthetic capabilities of organic chemistry and the study of their medical and biological properties of a wide spectrum of biological activity. New reagents and new reactions make it possible to significantly increase the number of compounds with a sulfonamide fragment in combination with other important pharmacophore groups, such as, for example, a wide class of -containing heterocycles. The result of these synthetic possibilities is the extension of the activity spectrum-along with antibacterial activity, many of them exhibit other types of biological activity. Antiviral activity is also observed in a wide range of sulfonamide derivatives. This review provides examples of the synthesis of sulfonamide compounds with antiviral properties that can be used to develop drugs against coxsackievirus B, enteroviruses, encephalomyocarditis viruses, adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, SARS-CoV-2, HIV and others. Since over the past three years, viral infections have become a special problem for public health throughout the world, the development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs is an extremely important task for synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry. Sulfonamides can be both sources of nitrogen for building a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic core and the side chain substituents of a biologically active substance. The formation of the sulfonamide group is often achieved by the reaction of the -nucleophilic center in the substrate molecule with the corresponding sulfonylchloride. Another approach involves the use of sulfonamides as the reagents for building a nitrogen-containing framework.
磺胺类药物是一大类抗生素中一整类药物的基本结构单元。目前，由于有机化学合成能力的提高以及对其广泛的生物活性的医学和生物学性质的研究，新的磺胺类合成领域的研究获得了“第二次机会”。新的试剂和新的反应使得有可能将具有磺胺片段的化合物数量与其他重要的药效团基团（例如，广泛的含杂环）结合起来，显著增加。这些合成可能性的结果是活性谱的扩展-除了抗菌活性外，许多磺胺类衍生物还具有其他类型的生物活性。磺胺类衍生物也表现出抗病毒活性。本综述提供了具有抗病毒性质的磺胺类化合物的合成实例，这些化合物可用于开发抗柯萨奇 B 病毒、肠道病毒、脑炎心肌炎病毒、腺病毒、人类副流感病毒、埃博拉病毒、马尔堡病毒、SARS-CoV-2、HIV 等药物。由于在过去的三年中，病毒感染已成为全世界公共卫生的一个特殊问题，因此开发新的广谱抗病毒药物是合成有机化学和药物化学的一项极其重要的任务。磺胺类药物既可以作为构建含氮杂环核心的氮源，也可以作为生物活性物质的侧链取代基。磺酰胺基的形成通常是通过底物分子中的-亲核中心与相应的磺酰氯反应来实现的。另一种方法涉及使用磺胺类药物作为构建含氮骨架的试剂。
