Garcia-Falgueras Alicia
Biblioteca Nacional de España, Madrid, Spain.
Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Neurosci Insights. 2023 Jan 3;18:26331055221147009. doi: 10.1177/26331055221147009. eCollection 2023.
Music is an art form and cultural activity whose language, the sounds and silences, is organized in time with logic and sensitivity. Music as a whole is the result of an ancestral nonverbal and international mode of human expression and communication. The primitive and former mother-child bonding might be highly influenced and modulated by the music and singing with their babies. Musicality and music imply two different sides of the same coin, where the former is based on the human capacity to produce the latter. Some theories about evolution suggest music might have an adaptive advantage for humans in society. Historical examples of different styles in music point out that if any allusion or reminder about gender in music might happen most probably occurs in folk non always written pagan or secular music with lyrics or voice. This genre of music usually tells about traditional gender differences in jobs, habits, lifestyles, etc., and has a clear preference for male musicians, while on the contrary, classical music usually does not have a clear gender difference in meaning, and instruments are played by both. In this text, I explore and empirically describe, neuroanatomically or functionally, some examples of different genres of music and brain differences, related to music and dance. Three different genres of music (Classical music, Fado and Flamenco) are explored in an attempt to elucidate some reasons for possible gender differences.
音乐是一种艺术形式和文化活动，其语言，即声音和寂静，在时间上以逻辑和敏感性进行组织。音乐作为一个整体，是人类一种古老的非语言且国际性的表达和交流方式的产物。原始时期母婴之间的亲密关系可能会受到与婴儿一起演奏音乐和唱歌的极大影响和调节。音乐性和音乐意味着同一枚硬币的两面，前者基于人类产生后者的能力。一些关于进化的理论表明，音乐可能对人类在社会中具有适应性优势。不同音乐风格的历史例子指出，如果音乐中存在任何关于性别的暗示或提示，最有可能出现在民间音乐中，而民间音乐并不总是有歌词或演唱的异教或世俗音乐。这类音乐通常讲述工作、习惯、生活方式等方面的传统性别差异，并且明显更青睐男性音乐家，相反，古典音乐在含义上通常不存在明显的性别差异，两种性别都演奏乐器。在本文中，我从神经解剖学或功能角度，通过实证探索并描述了不同音乐流派以及与音乐和舞蹈相关的大脑差异的一些例子。本文探讨了三种不同的音乐流派（古典音乐、法多音乐和弗拉门戈音乐），试图阐明可能存在性别差异的一些原因。
