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可靠主义者应该在什么范围内衡量可靠性?

Over What Range Should Reliabilists Measure Reliability?

作者信息

Buijsman Stefan

机构信息

TU Delft, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Erkenntnis. 2023 Jan 4:1-21. doi: 10.1007/s10670-022-00645-4.

Abstract

Process reliabilist accounts claim that a belief is justified when it is the result of a reliable belief-forming process. Yet over what range of possible token processes is this reliability calculated? I argue against the idea that possible token processes (in the actual world, or some other subset of possible worlds) are to be considered using the case of a user acquiring beliefs based on the output of an AI system, which is typically reliable for a substantial local range but unreliable when all possible inputs are considered. I show that existing solutions to the generality problem imply that these cases cannot be solved by a more fine-grained typing of the belief-forming process. Instead, I suggest that reliability is evaluated over a range restricted by the content of the actual belief and by the similarity of the input to the actual input.

摘要

过程可靠论认为,当一个信念是可靠的信念形成过程的结果时,它就是合理的。然而,这种可靠性是在多大范围的可能的具体过程中计算的呢?我反对这样一种观点,即(在现实世界或可能世界的其他子集中的)可能的具体过程应通过一个用户基于人工智能系统的输出获取信念的案例来考虑,该人工智能系统通常在相当大的局部范围内是可靠的,但当考虑所有可能的输入时就不可靠了。我表明,现有对普遍性问题的解决方案意味着,这些案例无法通过对信念形成过程进行更细致的分类来解决。相反,我建议在由实际信念的内容以及输入与实际输入的相似性所限制的范围内评估可靠性。

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