Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for Peripheral Nerve Surgery.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a valuable surgical resource that can assist in decision-making during peripheral nerve surgery using real-time electrophysiologic data. By stimulating a nerve and recording action potentials from a point on the nerve ("nerve action potential") or from a muscle ("triggered electromyography"), nerve lesions can be localized and the extent of nerve damage evaluated. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the role, indications, and techniques of intraoperative neuromonitoring of peripheral nerve injuries.