Scalon Lucas, Freitas Flavio Santos, Marques Francisco das Chagas, Nogueira Ana Flávia
Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 30421-169, Brazil.
Nanoscale. 2023 Jan 19;15(3):907-941. doi: 10.1039/d2nr05043a.
Perovskites are in the hotspot of material science and technology. Outstanding properties have been discovered, fundamental mechanisms of defect formation and degradation elucidated, and applications in a wide variety of optoelectronic devices demonstrated. Advances through adjusting the bulk-perovskite composition, as well as the integration of layered and nanostructured perovskites in the devices, allowed improvement in performance and stability. Recently, efforts have been devoted to investigating the effects of quantum confinement in perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) aiming to fabricate optoelectronic devices based solely on these nanoparticles. In general, the applications are focused on light-emitting diodes, especially because of the high color purity and high fluorescence quantum yield obtained in PNCs. Likewise, they present important characteristics featured for photovoltaic applications, highlighting the possibility of stabilizing photoactive phases that are unstable in their bulk analog, the fine control of the bandgap through size change, low defect density, and compatibility with large-scale deposition techniques. Despite the progress made in the last years towards the improvement in the performance and stability of PNCs-based solar cells, their efficiency is still much lower than that obtained with bulk perovskite, and discussions about upscaling of this technology are scarce. In light of this, we address in this review recent routes towards efficiency improvement and the up-scaling of PNC solar cells, emphasizing synthesis management and strategies for solar cell fabrication.
钙钛矿处于材料科学与技术的热点领域。人们已经发现了其卓越的性能，阐明了缺陷形成和降解的基本机制，并展示了其在各种光电器件中的应用。通过调整体相钙钛矿的组成，以及在器件中集成层状和纳米结构的钙钛矿，性能和稳定性得到了改善。最近，人们致力于研究钙钛矿纳米晶体（PNC）中的量子限域效应，旨在制造仅基于这些纳米颗粒的光电器件。一般来说，这些应用主要集中在发光二极管上，特别是因为PNC具有高色纯度和高荧光量子产率。同样，它们也呈现出光伏应用的重要特性，突出了稳定在其体相类似物中不稳定的光活性相的可能性、通过尺寸变化对带隙的精细控制、低缺陷密度以及与大规模沉积技术的兼容性。尽管近年来在提高基于PNC的太阳能电池的性能和稳定性方面取得了进展，但其效率仍远低于体相钙钛矿太阳能电池，并且关于该技术扩大规模的讨论很少。有鉴于此，我们在本综述中探讨了提高PNC太阳能电池效率和扩大规模的最新途径，重点强调了合成管理和太阳能电池制造策略。
