Kumar Manoj, Nehara Manju, Prakash Ved, Pannu Urmila, Jyotsana Basanti
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, 334001, Rajasthan, India.
ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, 07, Jorbeer, Jodhpur Bypass, Bikaner, 334001, Rajasthan, India.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2023 Jan 11;55(1):36. doi: 10.1007/s11250-023-03457-y.
The economic viability of the camel in the current scenario can be ensured by improving its dairy potential. The study on the udder and teat characteristics of dromedary camel and understanding its relationship with milk yield and milkability can be of great value in establishing camel as a dairy animal. The present study was conducted on 45 lactating she-camels of four Indian camel breeds, viz., Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi, and Mewari, stationed at ICAR-NRCC Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. The udder, teat, and milk vein measurements traits, factors affecting these traits and their relationship with milkability traits, were studied in hand-milked Indian dromedary camel. The means ± S.E. of teat lengths (TL), namely, left fore (LF), left rear (LR), right fore (RF), and right rear (RR), were observed as 52.21 ± 1.66, 58.52 ± 2.11, 50.13 ± 1.74, and 54.37 ± 1.82 mm, respectively. The means ± S.E. of teat diameter (TD), namely, left fore, left rear, right fore, and right rear teat diameters, were observed as 42.44 ± 1.60, 46.01 ± 1.68, 39.29 ± 1.31, and 45.20 ± 1.56 mm, respectively. The means ± S.E for udder depth, udder length, udder height from the ground, milk vein diameter, and milk vein length were observed as 25.44 ± 0.42, 37.29 ± 0.80, 114.80 ± 0.80, 2.02 ± 0.08, and 88.70 ± 0.96 cm, respectively. Udder and milk vein measurements did not differ significantly between breeds. Kachchhi breed has largest teat length and diameter. The breed differences were significant (p ≤ 0.05) for TL-LF, TL-RF, and TD-RR only. The effect of parity was non-significant on udder, teat, and milk vein measurement traits except TD-RR (p ≤ 0.05); however, second parity animals had higher values for all the studied traits except udder height from ground. Positive and highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) correlation of milk yield was observed with the majority of udder, teat, and milk vein measurements, milking time, and milk flow rate, while a negative correlation was found with udder height from ground and milk let-down time. It can be concluded that udder characteristics are influenced by various genetic and non-genetic factors and its relationship with milk yield and milkability can be used for selection and dairy management purposes.
通过提高骆驼的产奶潜力，可以确保骆驼在当前情况下的经济可行性。对单峰骆驼的乳房和乳头特征进行研究，并了解其与产奶量和挤奶性能的关系，对于将骆驼确立为产奶动物具有重要价值。本研究以印度拉贾斯坦邦比卡内尔市ICAR-NRCC的45头处于泌乳期的雌性骆驼为研究对象，这些骆驼分属四个印度骆驼品种，即比卡内里、斋沙默里、卡奇和梅瓦里。研究人员对手挤奶的印度单峰骆驼的乳房、乳头和乳静脉测量特征、影响这些特征的因素及其与挤奶性能特征的关系进行了研究。乳头长度（TL）的平均值±标准误，即左前（LF）、左后（LR）、右前（RF）和右后（RR），分别为52.21±1.66、58.52±2.11、50.13±1.74和54.37±1.82毫米。乳头直径（TD）的平均值±标准误，即左前、左后、右前和右后乳头直径，分别为42.44±1.60、46.01±1.68、39.29±1.31和45.20±1.56毫米。乳房深度、乳房长度、乳房离地面高度、乳静脉直径和乳静脉长度的平均值±标准误分别为25.44±0.42、37.29±0.80、114.80±0.80、2.02±0.08和88.70±0.96厘米。不同品种之间乳房和乳静脉测量值没有显著差异。卡奇品种的乳头长度和直径最大。仅TL-LF、TL-RF和TD-RR的品种差异显著（p≤0.05）。除TD-RR外（p≤0.05），胎次对乳房、乳头和乳静脉测量特征的影响不显著；然而，第二胎动物除乳房离地面高度外，所有研究特征的值都较高。产奶量与大多数乳房、乳头和乳静脉测量值、挤奶时间和奶流速度呈正相关且高度显著（p≤0.01），而与乳房离地面高度和放奶时间呈负相关。可以得出结论，乳房特征受多种遗传和非遗传因素影响，其与产奶量和挤奶性能的关系可用于选择和奶牛管理目的。
