College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Apr 1;867:161497. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161497. Epub 2023 Jan 10.
Disinfection is an effective process to inactivate pathogens in drinking water treatment. However, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) will inevitably form and may cause severe health concerns. Previous research has mainly focused on DBPs formation during the disinfection in water treatment plants. But few studies paid attention to the formation and transformation of DBPs in the water distribution system (WDS). The complex environment in WDS will affect the reaction between residual chlorine and organic matter to form new DBPs. This paper provides an overall review of DBPs formation and transformation in the WDS. Firstly, the occurrence of DBPs in the WDS around the world was cataloged. Secondly, the primary factors affecting the formation of DBPs in WDS have also been summarized, including secondary chlorination, pipe materials, biofilm, deposits and coexisting anions. Secondary chlorination and biofilm increased the concentration of regular DBPs (e.g., trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)) in the WDS, while Br and I increased the formation of brominated DBPs (Br-DBPs) and iodinated DBPs (I-DBPs), respectively. The mechanism of DBPs formation and transformation in the WDS was systematically described. Aromatic DBPs could be directly or indirectly converted to aliphatic DBPs, including ring opening, side chain breaking, chlorination, etc. Finally, the toxicity of drinking water in the WDS caused by DBPs transformation was examined. This review is conducive to improving the knowledge gap about DBPs formation and transformation in WDS to better solve water supply security problems in the future.
消毒是一种有效处理饮用水中病原体的方法。然而，消毒副产物（DBPs）不可避免地会形成，并可能导致严重的健康问题。先前的研究主要集中在水处理厂消毒过程中 DBPs 的形成。但很少有研究关注到配水系统（WDS）中 DBPs 的形成和转化。WDS 中的复杂环境会影响余氯和有机物之间的反应，形成新的 DBPs。本文全面综述了 WDS 中 DBPs 的形成和转化。首先，列举了世界范围内 WDS 中 DBPs 的发生情况。其次，总结了影响 WDS 中 DBPs 形成的主要因素，包括二次氯化、管材、生物膜、沉积物和共存阴离子。二次氯化和生物膜增加了 WDS 中常规 DBPs（如三卤甲烷（THMs）和卤乙酸（HAAs））的浓度，而 Br 和 I 分别增加了溴代 DBPs（Br-DBPs）和碘代 DBPs（I-DBPs）的形成。系统描述了 WDS 中 DBPs 形成和转化的机制。芳香族 DBPs 可以直接或间接地转化为脂肪族 DBPs，包括开环、侧链断裂、氯化等。最后，考察了 WDS 中 DBPs 转化导致的饮用水毒性。这篇综述有助于填补 WDS 中 DBPs 形成和转化的知识空白，以更好地解决未来的供水安全问题。
